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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List 3 differences between adult and paediatric nutrition |
Higher requirements of energy per kg of body weight Immaturity Dependence on others |
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Why are infants' calorie requirements a lot greater than adults? |
Increased BMR - increased demand of brain, liver, kidneys and heart (25% combined weight in infants, 6% in adults) Higher activity levels Rapid rate of growth and temperature control |
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Describe the GI immaturity in infants |
Differences in immune response and mucosal composition Leaky GIT and immature immune response Breastfeeding bridges immunological gap by coating mucosa with secretory IgA resisting digestion |
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Describe the renal immaturity in infants |
Poor ability to excrete large solute until 3 mnths Carefully monitor solute consumption Higher percentage body water, higher risk of dehydration |
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Describe the immune system immaturity in infants |
In gestation IgG acquired passively Breastfeeding provides secretory IgA If not breastfed --> increased infections May respond allergically to some proteins via IgE Reduced exposure to environmental antigens leads to higher risk of developing allergy |
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What must a caregiver ensure for their infant's food supply? |
Correct balance Clean Correct temperature and texture |
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Name the only RCT on breast v formula milk |
PROBIT study in Belarus |
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What animal's milk is formula milk based upon? |
Cow |
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List 2 clear benefits of breast feeding |
Lower risk of GI/respiratory/ear infection Lower risk of maternal breast cancer |
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List 5 other suggested benefits of breast feeding |
Neurodevelopmental advantage Decreased risk of T1DM, IBD, obesity and allergy Nutritionally complete Correct temperature Appropriate solute load |
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List 2 disadvantages of breast feeding |
Transfer of disease eg. HIV, CMV, hepatitis Transfer of chemical pollutants eg. PCBs, dioxins |
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List 5 disadvantages of formula milk |
Risk of inaccurate solute load No advantages of breast milk Increased risk of nutrient imbalances Increased risk of infection Increased risk of obesity |
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What is weaning? |
The stopping of breast feeding and moving from liquid to solid diet |
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What can early weaning lead to? |
Increased risk of obesity and allergy |
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What 2 things can very early weaning lead to? |
Renal compromise Increased risk of infection |
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What is the WHO aim for weaning? |
Breastfeeding until 6 months leading to decreased mortality and morbidity from infections |
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What can late weaning lead to? |
Faltered growth, iron deficiency, behavioural feeding problems |
