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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Osteology |
study of bones |
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Tissues |
group of closely associated cells, similar in structure and performing related functions |
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Epithelial tissues |
Function: covering Examples: skin, hair, nails |
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Connective tissues |
Function: support, protection, and hydration Examples: bones, cartilage, fat, ligaments, fascia, blood |
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Muscle tissues |
Function: movement |
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Nervous tissues |
Function: control Examples: nerves |
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Classification of Bones: Location |
axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton |
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Axial skeleton |
foundation or base to which appendicular skeleton is attached. composed of skull, hyoid, backbone, sternum, and ribs |
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Appendicular skeleton |
attached to the axial skeleton. All of the bones are paired. composed of pectoral girdle, arms, hands, pelvic girdle, legs, and feet |
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Long bones |
longer than they are wide Examples: legs, arms, fingers, toes |
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Flat bones |
Examples: skulls, pelvis, and shoulder |
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Short bones |
small, rounded bones Examples: carpal bones of the wrist and tarsal bones of ankles, sesamoid |
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Irregular bones |
bones of the spine and hydroid |
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Capitulum |
a small, ball-shaped surface Function: articulation with other bones Ex. capitulum of humerus |
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Condyle |
a rounded, hinge-like projection |
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Head |
a rounded, smooth, articular eminence on long bone |
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Process |
any kind of projection, including articular
Example- superior articular process of vertebrae |
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Trochlea |
a pulley-like structure Example- trochlea of the distal humerus |
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Ala |
wing-like structure |
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Apophysis |
a process formed from a separate center of ossification |
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Conoid |
cone-shaped process |
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Coronoid |
shaped like a crow's beak Example- coronoid process of ulna |
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Crest |
sharp border or ridge |
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Epicondyle |
above a condyle |
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Line |
narrow ridge, less prominent than a crest |
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Promontory |
a projecting part |
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Ridge |
an elongated, rough, narrow elevation |
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Spine |
a long, sharp prominence |
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Styloid |
resembling a stylus; a long thin, pointed projection |
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Tubercle |
small tuberosity |
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Tuberosity |
rounded eminence- larger than a tubercle |
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Trochanter |
large prominence for rotator m. attachment |
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Cavity |
hallow space or sinus |
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Fossa |
an indentation in a structure |
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Notch |
an indentation at the edge of a structure |
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Pit |
a small hole or pocket |
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Canal |
narrow passage or channel |
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Fissure |
a narrow slit-like opening |
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Foramen |
a hole |
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Fovea |
a pit or cup-like depression |
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Groove |
a narrow depression extending for some distance |
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Incisure |
a notch or indentation at the edge of a structure |
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Meatus |
a canal-like passageway |
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Sinus |
hollow space or cavity |
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Sulcus |
A groove |
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What are the three bones located between the shoulder and the wrist |
Humerus, located in the upper arm Radius and Ulna- located in the forearm |
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Humerus |
one of the major long bones of the skeleton that can be recognized by the head, a half ball-shaped structure at the proximal end. |
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Radius |
the long bone lateral to the ulna, on the same side as the thumb. It is easily recognized by the round, button-like head. |
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Ulna |
the long bone medial to the radius. It is easily recognized by the hook-shaped olecranon process at the proximal end |
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Bones associated with the wrist |
Multitangular bones, capitate, hamate, scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform |
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Bones associated with the hand |
Metacarpals |
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Bones associated with the fingers |
Phalanges |
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Which bone is commonly referred to as the "thigh bone" and is one of the heaviest and strongest bones of the body? |
Femur |
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Which bone is commonly referred to as the "knee cap" and is the largest sesamoid bone in the body? |
Patella |
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Which bones is the second largest long bone and is commonly referred to as the "shin bone?" It is straighter than the femur and positioned vertically. |
Tibia |
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What is the fibula? |
the long, thin bone on the lateral side of the lower leg. |
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Phalanx, metatarsal, cuneiform, navicular, cuboid, talus, and calcaneus are all examples of... |
foot bones |
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What is commonly known as the "collar bone" and is shaped like an S |
clavicle |
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Scapula |
shoulder blades |
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How many ribs are in the human skeleton? |
12 |
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What is the "breastbone?" |
sternum |
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How many cervical vertebrae are there? |
7 |
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The coccyx is the... |
"tail bones" |
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The small U-shaped bone in the upper part of the neck, tucked between the mandible and the larynx is the... |
Hyoid |
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The main component of the tooth is the... |
Dentin |
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The crown, cusps, root, neck or cervix, and the apex are all basic parts of the... |
Tooth |
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The 4 tooth types in adult dentition are... |
the incisor, canine, premolar, and molar |