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61 Cards in this Set
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Daniel Burnham
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city beautiful movement; White City Chicago’s world fair; 1909 plan for Chicago (applied principles of monumental city design and City Beautiful Movement)
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Ebanezer Howard
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garden city movement (to overcome social inequalities and economic inefficiencies of urban areas); author of Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform in 1898
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Edward Bennett
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plan for San Francisco (1904); worked with Burnham on 1909 plan of Chicago
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Edward Bassett
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authored 1916 NYC zoning code
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Frederick Law Olmstead Sr.
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Central Park; believed that the city plan should include all land uses (both public and private) and should be updated often to ensure they remain relevant
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Calvert Vaux
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designed NY’s Central Park with Frederick Law Olmstead Sr. in 1851
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Frederick Law Olmstead Jr.
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president of the American City Planning Institute; prepared numerous plans (Detroit, Utica, Boulder, New Haven, Pittsburgh, Rochester, Newport)
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Harland Bartholomew
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first fulltime municipally employed planner, St. Louis; developed many early comp plans
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Lawrence Veiller
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first full-time housing reformer in America; founder of the National Housing Association; led effort to improve tenement conditions
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Pierre L’Enfant
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original plan for Washington DC
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Le Corbusier
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radiant city (skyscrapers for high density living and working, surrounded by commonly owned park space), superblocks, separated uses
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Louis Wirth
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authored Urbanism as a Way of Life (1938); argued for urbanism and claimed density of cities influences behaviors in city
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Paulo Soleri
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advocate for building mega-structures that are partially underground leaving nature relatively undisturbed; Arcosanti Arizona is his major development project
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Andres Duany
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advocate for new urbanism; designed Seaside FL in 1982
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Joel Garreau
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wrote Edge City in 1991, edge city is a distinct place that has at least 5 mil sq ft of office, 600,000 sq ft of retail and more jobs than bedrooms
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Robert Lang
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authored Edgeless Cities in 2002, dominant urban form having large, isolated, suburban office complexes that are inaccessible by pedestrians and transit
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James Oglethorpe
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founder of the colony of Georgia; design for Savannah, complex gridiron with a main axis and interlinking gardens and squares
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Alfred Bettman
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first comprehensive plan Cincinnati; filed an amicus curiae brief in support of Euclid and comprehensive zoning; 1st president of ASPO
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Frank Lloyd Wright
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early advocator of sprawling, decongested, auto-oriented development; authored Disappearing City (1932), which presented concept of Broadacre City (each home situated on an acre or more, each house has auto)
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Rexford Tugwell
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headed US Resettlement Administration (New Deal program)
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Jacob Riis
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housing activist in NYC; wrote How the Other Half Lives in 1890 and Children of the Poor (social reform)
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Clarence Perry
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neighborhood unit concept, published concept in New York City and its Environs in 1929
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Amitai Etziono
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founder of the communitarian movement (balance between rights and responsibilities and autonomy and order); authored the Spirit of Community
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Norman Krumnolz
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Cleveland’s planning director (1969 – 1979); strong proponent of equity in planning
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Paul Davidoff
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father of advocacy planning; argued planners should not be value-neutral public servant, but should represent special interest groups
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James Rouse
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design for Colombia Maryland; pioneered development of indoor shopping malls; rejuvenated several dying downtowns by introducing festival marketplaces (Fanueil Hall - Boston, Inner Harbor - Baltimore, South Street Seaport – NYC)
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James Howard Kunstler
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wrote the Geography of Nowhere, which provides a history of suburbia and urban development; leading proponent of new urbanism; recently wrote The Long Emergency, dealing with declining oil production and the end of industrialized society
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Lindblom
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wrote the Science of Muddling Through; incremental planning, which acknowledged that changes are made in increments
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Saul Alinsky
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Back of Yards movement; advocacy planning; vision of planning centered on community organizing
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Sherry Arnstein
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wrote Ladder of Participation (1969), which divided public participation and planning into 3 levels: non-participation, tokenism, and citizen power
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William Whyte
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promoted use of environmental psychology and sociology in urban design; wrote Social Life of Small Urban Spaces in 1980; coined the term “greenway” in his book the Last Landscape; pioneer on conservation easements
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Allan Jacobs
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authored Making City Planning Work (1985), describing what it takes to change American cities; authored Great Streets (1995), described qualities and quantities of features that characterize great streets (e.g. height of buildings, interesting facades, street trees, windows, design of intersections, street furniture, etc)
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Ernest Burgess
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Concentric ring theory (1925) – urban areas grow in a series of concentric rings outward from CBD
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Homer Hoyt
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Sector theory (1939) – urban areas develop in sectors along communication and transportation routes
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Harris and Ullman
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Multiple Nuclei Theory (1945) – urban areas grow around a number of separate nuclei, which are specialized and differentiated
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William Alonso
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Land Rent curve, bide rent theory (1960) – cost of land, intensity of development and concentration of population decline as you move away from CBD
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Ian McHarg
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conservation design, author of Design with Nature (1969); predecessor of the overlay of layers used in modern GIS
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Alrede Keinus
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historic preservation, wrote With Heritage so Rich in 1966
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TJ Kent
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author of the Urban General Plan in 1964, classic textbook on history, purpose, scope, clients and use of comp plans
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Rachel Carson
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brought attention to the negative effects of pesticides on the environment with her book Silent Spring written in 1962
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Jane Jacobs
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critically looked at planners and planning, particularly the mistakes of urban renewal in her book Death and Life of Great American Cities written in 1961; advocated for mixed uses, short blocks, pedestrian-scale safety with eyes on the street
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Kevin Lynch
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defined basic concepts within the City (paths, edges, nodes, districts); wrote the Image of the City in 1960
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F Stuart Chapin
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Urban Land Use Planning in 1957 (common textbook on land use planning)
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Ladislas Segoe
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Planning Administration in 1941 (first in the Greenbook series)
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Nelson Lewis
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Planning of the Modern City in 1916
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Patrick Geddess
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Father of regional planning; wrote Cities in Evolution in 1915
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Flavel Shurtleff
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Out the City Plan in 1914 (1st major planning textbook)
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Walter Moody
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wrote Wacker’s Manual of the Plan of Chicago in 1912 (used as a textbook for 8th graders)
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George Haussmann
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19th century plan for Paris
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John Friedman
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transactive theory
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Herbert Simon
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concept of Satisficing (decision-making strategy attempting to meet criteria for adequacy, rather than an optimal solution)
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Edward Kaiser
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co-authored Urban Land Use Planning; land use strategies for hazard mitigation and environmental protection; quality of local land use plans
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Henry Wright
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designed Radburn, NJ ("town in which people could live peacefully with the automobile-or rather in spite of it")
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George Perkins Marsh
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author of Man and Nature (1864), explored destructive impact of human action on environment and inspired conservation movement
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John Wesley Powell
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authored Report on the Lands of the Arid Region of the United States (1878), plan that would enable settlement for the west while conserving water resources
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John Muir
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founded Sierra Club in 1892 to promote protection and preservation of environment
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Gifford Pinchot
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America’s 1st professionally trained forester; first director of US Forest Service (1905); leader in conservation movement
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John Logan and Harvey Molotch
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City as a Growth Machine Theory (1987), urban development is directed by elite members of community who control resources and benefit from development
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Charles Mulford Robinson and George Kessler
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designed Denver’s parks and parkways system in 1906
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Robert Moses
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influenced development of state parks and parkways in NY; helped establish the State Council of Parks in 1923
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Judith Innes
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consensus building and collaborative planning; author of JAPA article, Planning Through Consensus Building: A New View of the Comprehensive Planning Ideal (Autumn 1996)
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