Immunology - The Complement System - Ch 5 - Check

Front 1

What are the six functions of complement cells? (the upside)

Back 1

opsonization to enhance phagocytosis

phagocyte attraction and activation

lysis of bacteria and infected cells

regulation of antibody responses

clearance of immune complexes

clearance of apoptotic cells

Front 2

What are the down sides to complement action?

Back 2

Inflammation and anaphylaxis.

Front 3

Most C3, C6, C8 and B complement are made where?

Back 3

In the liver

Front 4

Which complement components do macrophages make?

Back 4

C2, 3, 4, 5, B, D, P, and I

Front 5

What complement compounds do neutrophils make?

Back 5

large quantities of C6 and C7.

Front 6

What does it mean when complement proteins are mentioned and there is a line over them?

Back 6

That they are activated.

Front 7

When complement proteins are cleaved, which moiety binds to the activation complex (or membrane) and which is released?

In which complement protein is this rule reversed?

Back 7

"b" is big, and adds to the membrane-binding peptide, usually.

"a" is small and helps in the chemotactic reactions.

In C2, the roles are reversed.

Front 8

What is C-activation?

Back 8

The complement compound is altered to interact with the next component

Front 9

What is C-fixation?

Back 9

Complement being recognized by Ag-Ab complexes

Front 10

What is a hemolytic unit?

Back 10

A dilution of plasma such that if added to blood, 50% of AB coated RBC in a suspension would be lysed.

Front 11

What are the three pathways of complement activation? Which are antibody dependent? At what point in their pathway are they in common?

Back 11

Classical, lectin, and alternative pathway.

Only classical is antibody dependent.

They all lead to activation of C3 and the generation of C3 convertase.

Front 12

What stimulus leads to activation of the alternative pathway of complement activation?

Back 12

Microbial cell wall stimulation

Front 13

What stimulus leads to the lectin pathway of complement activation?

Back 13

Mannose-rich carbohydrates

Front 14

What stimulus leads to the classical pathway of complement activation?

Back 14

Antigen-antibody complexes

Front 15

Can C3b in the complement activation pathway differentiate between self membranes and foreign membranes to bind to?

What happens?

Back 15

Factor H is necessary to recognize self. The red dots are sialic acid, which our own cells have and facilitate factor H binding and then factor I binds. Factors H and I cleave C3b from our own cells.

Front 16

What is the spontaneous breakdown pathway of the alternative complement pathway?

Back 16

In the alternative complement pathway, B calls in D, which calls in P and this feeds back to the C3 convertase pathway.

Front 17

What are the pathways by the classical complement and alternative complement pathways that allows C6 and C7 to bind to the microbial surface?

Back 17

read that - do we even need to go to this level?

Front 18

How do complement pathways actually poke the hole in the cell membrane?

Back 18

Here is the making of the hole

Front 19

In the complement activation pathway, what do the smaller fragments function as?

Back 19

know smaller fragments from complement cleavage and how they work in chemotaxis for neutrophils

Front 20

What complement derived chemotactic factor targets eosinophils?

Back 20

C3a

Front 21

What complement derived chemotactic factor targets neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages?

Back 21

C5a

Front 22

How do viruses use the CD59 complex to confound the complement activation pathway?

Back 22

CD59 – this is the terminal complex, 5,6,7,8,9. Most viruses (HIV, herpes) incorporates this virus and that inhibits the complement virus.

Front 23

What is the substrate modulation of the regulation of complement system?

Back 23

For example: Convertase can act on C5 only after binding to C3b.

Front 24

How many molecules of IgG and IgM are needed to initiate the classical complement pathway?

Back 24

Two of IgG and one of IgM

Front 25

What are the three complement receptors? A deficiency in which one leads to severe recurrent infections?

Back 25

CR1, CR2, and CR3

Genetic deficiency in CR3 leads to leukocyte adherence deficiency and severe recurrent infections.
Never mind the picture, that's another deficiency - one of C3 not CR3.

Front 26

In CR3 deficiency in Brittany Spaniels, how does the expression of the deficiency effect the individual?

What specifically is the deficiency?

Back 26

The heterozygous individuals are normal, though they have less than half the C3 as normal. The homozygous individuals die.

The deficiency is a truncation of C3.

(Reminder: C3 is the complement receptor that the endothelial cells put out to bind to macrophages, neutrophils, and NK cells that let them migrate from the blood to the tissues.)

Front 27

What do deficits in factor H look like histologically?

Back 27

They deposit between the membranes of a the glomeruli.