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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Difference between complements and cytokines
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Cytokines are released from cells
Complements are present in blood stream and ISF |
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Membrane Attack Complex
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Terminal complement proteins
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Three pathways of complement activation
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- Alternative
- Lectin - Classical |
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What is the alternative pathway activated by?
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Microbial cell walls
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What is the lectin pathway activated by?
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Collectins
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What is the classical pathway activated by?
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IgG or IgM bound to AGs
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What do collectins recognize?
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PAMPs (cell walls)
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5 essential functions of complements
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- Mast cell activation
- Chemotaxis - Opsonization - Microbial killing - Enhance AB production |
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What does mast cell activation do?
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Initiates inflammation
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What complement is the mediator of mast cell activation? (2)
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C3a, C5a
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What does chemotaxis do?
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Recruits neutrophils
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What complement is the mediator of chemotaxis?
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C5a
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What does opsonization do?
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Facilitates phagocytosis
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What complement is the mediator of opsonization?
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C3b
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What complement is the mediator of microbial killing?
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C5b, 6, 7, 8, (9)n
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What is the term used for 'microbial killing via pore formation'?
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Membrane Attack Complex
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What complement is the mediator of enhancing AB production?
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C3b
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Juxtacrine signaling
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Signaling via direct contact
Utilizes signaling molecules in the PM |
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Autocrine signaling
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Signaling of a cell with itself
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Paracrine signaling
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Signaling of a cell with another nearby cell
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Endocrine signaling
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Signaling by a cell that acts on a cell in other parts of the body
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3 important features of cytokines in cell signaling
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- Short lived
- Highly redundant - Pleiotropic (has more than one action on more than one cell) |
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4 sub-classes of cytokines
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- Hematopoietic
- Inflammatory - Antiviral - Immunologic |
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Which cytokines are hematopoietic?
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G-CSF
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Which cytokines are Inflammatory?
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IL-1
IL-6 TNF-α IFN-γ |
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Which cytokines are antiviral?
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IFN-α (Type I)
IFN-β (Type I) IFN-ω (Type I) IFN-γ (Type II) |
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Which cytokines are immunologic?
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IFN-γ
IL-2 IL-4 IL-5 IL-10 TGF-β |
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What is the source of the cytokine G-CSF?
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Macrophages (+)
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What is the source of the cytokines: IL-1
IL-6 TNF-α? |
Macrophages (++)
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What is the source of the cytokines: IFN-α
IFN-β IFN-ω |
Most cells
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What is the source of the cytokine IFN-γ? (2)
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T cells
NK cells |
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What is the source of the cytokine IL-2?
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T cells
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What is the source of the cytokine IL-4?
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Th2 cells
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What is the source of the cytokine IL-5?
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Th2 cells
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What is the source of the cytokines:
IL-10 TGF-β |
Many cells (including Treg)
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What is the function of the cytokine G-CSF?
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Promotes neutrophil growth (increases neutrophil counts)
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What is the function of the cytokines:
IFN-α IFN-β IFN-ω |
Antiviral
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What is the function of the cytokine IFN-γ?
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Activates macrophages
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What is the function of the cytokine IL-2?
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Promotes proliferation of T lymphocytes
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What is the function of the cytokine IL-4?
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Promotes IgE secretion by B lymphocytes
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What is the function of the cytokine IL5?
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Recruits and activates eosinophils
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What is the function of the cytokines:
IL-10 TGF-β |
Inhibits inflammatory and adaptive immune responses
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What is the function of the cytokines:
IL-1 IL-6 TNF-α |
Pro-inflammatory
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Two limitations for therapeutic usage of cytokines
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- Toxicity
- Availability in animals |
