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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ways bacteria resist antibiotics
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1.degrade/alter antibiotic (beta-lactamase)
2.Efflux Pump- pumps it out of the cell (tetracycline) 3. Uptake Reduction 4. Overproduction of target 5. Alteration of Target (penicillin binding proteins change, 50s |
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what do you need for horizontal gene transfer to occur?
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recombination as a double crossover
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Transformation
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Donor releases free DNA by lysis. DNA attaches to a recipient cell. Gene recombines with the recipient's chromosome
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Conjugation
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use of the large pili.
When the plasmid transferred to another cell, it drags along the chromosome with it, integration with double cross over |
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What are transposons
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Jumping genes. Carry insertion sequence and other genes. Allow for antibiotic resistance/ resistance Plasmid
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Transduction
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Utilization of Viruses
Generalized transduction- transfers any bacterial gene Specialized transduction- transfers only genes adjacent to the site of integration |