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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is active immunity? |
Encounter with an antigen which results in the body production of antibodies against that antigen Long-lived memory Immunological memory is produced |
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What is passive immunity? |
The introduction of borrowed antibodies from an immune donor Short lived memory No immunological memory |
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What is natural active immunity? |
The person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune (ex. chicken pox) |
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What is artificial active immunity? |
Being induced by a vaccine (ex. the flu) |
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What is natural passive immunity? |
Maternal antibodies are passed from maternal bloodstream into fetal bloodstream in the form IgG (ex. during pregnancy) |
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What is artificial passive immunity? |
Short-term immunization by the injection on antibodies (ex. IV) |
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What are the 3 types of vaccines? |
1. Live, attenuated 2. Killed, inactive 3. Acellular |
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What are Live and Attenuated vaccines? |
The virus is weakened by being exposed to chemicals or processes to produce the immunity but without serious side effects of infection. Often life-long immunity Can't be given to immunocompromised people |
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What are Killed and Inactive vaccines? |
Microorganism is inactivated with a chemical or heat so that virus does not cause disease. Body still recognizes the antigens and generates the immune response. Several doses required Good for immuno-compromised people |
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What are Acellular vaccines? |
Takes only part of the protein cell wall of the microorganism to produce vaccine Similar to killed vaccines |
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What are some side effects of vaccines? (local reactions) |
- local tenderness - redness - swelling - small lump |
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How can we reduce the side effects of a local reaction? |
Use the deltoid muscle and use appropriate needle length |
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What are some side effects of a systemic reaction from vaccines? |
- fever - rash - joint/muscle pain - fainting - seizures - behavioural changes - anaphylaxis* |
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How long after a vaccine will anaphylaxis occur? |
15-20 minutes |
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What should you do when a person goes into an anaphylaxis reactions? |
Lie person down with legs raised Call 911 and do vitals Administer epinephrine by either SubQ or IM injection (base dose on age and weight) Transfer client to hospital *second dose of epinephrine after 10-15 minutes if needed |
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What are some signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis? |
Hives and itching N, V, & D Difficulty breathing & swallowing (throat closing/tightness) Swelling Fainting |
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What are some signs and symptoms of a vasovagal reaction? |
Dizziness Fainting Bradypnea Bradycardia Hypotension |
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When can side effects of inactivated antigen vaccines occur? |
24-48 hours |
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When can side effects of live vaccines occur? |
Delayed because virus multiplies in the body MMR - 5-12 days Varicella - up to 42 days Rotavirus - 7-10 days |
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In order to be valid, what does the consent include? |
Specific Informed Voluntary No misinterpretations or fraud |
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What should the Public Health nurse include in the information to the parent/child? |
Purpose of vaccine Side effects Risks Consequences of not receiving vaccine |
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Is telephone consent accepted? |
Not usually...only in rare circumstances |
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How is the age of consent determined? |
By one's capacity (elementary - high school is usually consent from parent) |
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What is a cold chain? |
The optimal temp conditions during the transport, storage, and handling of vaccines. Starts with manufacturer and ends with administration to client. |
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What temp should vaccines be kept in? |
2 - 8 degrees Otherwise can become ineffective/destroyed |
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Why are vaccine handling important? |
Can lead to re-emergence of the disease Can lead to a short supply Loss of public confidence |