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26 Cards in this Set

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What is active immunity?

Encounter with an antigen which results in the body production of antibodies against that antigen




Long-lived memory




Immunological memory is produced

What is passive immunity?

The introduction of borrowed antibodies from an immune donor




Short lived memory




No immunological memory

What is natural active immunity?

The person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune




(ex. chicken pox)

What is artificial active immunity?

Being induced by a vaccine




(ex. the flu)

What is natural passive immunity?

Maternal antibodies are passed from maternal bloodstream into fetal bloodstream in the form IgG




(ex. during pregnancy)

What is artificial passive immunity?

Short-term immunization by the injection on antibodies




(ex. IV)

What are the 3 types of vaccines?

1. Live, attenuated


2. Killed, inactive


3. Acellular

What are Live and Attenuated vaccines?

The virus is weakened by being exposed to chemicals or processes to produce the immunity but without serious side effects of infection.




Often life-long immunity




Can't be given to immunocompromised people

What are Killed and Inactive vaccines?

Microorganism is inactivated with a chemical or heat so that virus does not cause disease. Body still recognizes the antigens and generates the immune response.




Several doses required




Good for immuno-compromised people

What are Acellular vaccines?

Takes only part of the protein cell wall of the microorganism to produce vaccine




Similar to killed vaccines

What are some side effects of vaccines? (local reactions)

- local tenderness


- redness


- swelling


- small lump

How can we reduce the side effects of a local reaction?

Use the deltoid muscle and use appropriate needle length

What are some side effects of a systemic reaction from vaccines?

- fever


- rash


- joint/muscle pain


- fainting


- seizures


- behavioural changes


- anaphylaxis*

How long after a vaccine will anaphylaxis occur?

15-20 minutes

What should you do when a person goes into an anaphylaxis reactions?

Lie person down with legs raised


Call 911 and do vitals


Administer epinephrine by either SubQ or IM injection (base dose on age and weight)


Transfer client to hospital




*second dose of epinephrine after 10-15 minutes if needed

What are some signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis?

Hives and itching


N, V, & D


Difficulty breathing & swallowing (throat closing/tightness)


Swelling


Fainting

What are some signs and symptoms of a vasovagal reaction?

Dizziness


Fainting


Bradypnea


Bradycardia


Hypotension

When can side effects of inactivated antigen vaccines occur?

24-48 hours

When can side effects of live vaccines occur?

Delayed because virus multiplies in the body




MMR - 5-12 days


Varicella - up to 42 days


Rotavirus - 7-10 days

In order to be valid, what does the consent include?

Specific


Informed


Voluntary


No misinterpretations or fraud

What should the Public Health nurse include in the information to the parent/child?

Purpose of vaccine


Side effects


Risks


Consequences of not receiving vaccine

Is telephone consent accepted?

Not usually...only in rare circumstances

How is the age of consent determined?

By one's capacity




(elementary - high school is usually consent from parent)

What is a cold chain?

The optimal temp conditions during the transport, storage, and handling of vaccines.




Starts with manufacturer and ends with administration to client.

What temp should vaccines be kept in?

2 - 8 degrees




Otherwise can become ineffective/destroyed

Why are vaccine handling important?

Can lead to re-emergence of the disease




Can lead to a short supply




Loss of public confidence