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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Body's primary defense against infection:
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Skin, tears, stomach acid, urine, sweat, mucus and saliva.
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Inflammation
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Swelling, redness, and warmth of the infected area cause the body to call in macrophages and neutrophils to consume the bacteria.
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Results as a response to irritating chemicals, heat, trauma, or infection by pathogens. Redness, heat, swelling and pain are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation.
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Active immunity
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Memorization and production of antibodies.
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Passive immunity
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Antibodies have been obtained from outside the body, either from another animal or person.
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B cells
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Have antigen receptors and antibodies, and work to fight off bacteria. They can form plasma cells and memory cells.
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T cells
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Responsible for recognizing nonself cells and produce killer T cells and memory T cells.
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Immune System
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Tissues, cells and organs that fight off illnesses and disease. Composed of both innate (nonspecific) and adaptive( specific) defenses that protect the body from pathogens.
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Innate immune functions
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First line of defense - Provide a nonspecific type of defense. Include physical and chemical barriers (skin, mucous membranes and digestive enzymes).
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Second line of defense - Fever, inflammation, phagocytosis, natural killer cells, interferons, chemotaxis and release of cytokines.
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Phagocytosis
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Engulfing of pathogens by white blood cells.
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Immune system
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Tissues, cells, and organs that fight off illness and disease. Composed of both innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific) defenses that are designed to protect the body from pathogens and other foreign invaders.
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Innate immune function
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Provide a nonspecific type of defense.
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Innate defenses first and second line of defenses.
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First line of defense: Includes both physical and chemical barriers (skin, mucous membranes, and digestive enzymes).
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Second line of defense: Include fever, inflammation, phagocytosis, natural killer cells, interferons, chemotaxis, and release of cytokines.
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Phagocytosis
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Engulfing of pathogens by white blood cells.
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Natural killer cells (NK cells)
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Produce perforins that target cancer and virus cells. Perforin cause these cells to lyse or rupture.
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Perforins
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Pore-forming proteins
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Interferons
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The body's response to a viral infection and prevent replication of the virus after 7 to 10 days. They also activate macrophages and NK cells.
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Chemotaxis
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Method by which the leukocytes respond to damaged body tissue; accomplished in part through cytokines.
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Cytokines
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Chemical messengers that are released by damaged tissues.
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Diapedesis
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Process of white blood cells squeezing through capillary slits in response to cytokines, followed by cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) guiding the white blood cells to the site of the damage or infection.
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Adaptive responses
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Third line of defense or specific defense. These include both the humoral or antibody-medicated and the cell-mediated responses.
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Antibody-mediated branch
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Antibodies produced that are specific for the invading antigen. The antigen binds to B cells followed by binding with T-helper cells. This activates the B cells to produce antibodies.
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Active immunity
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Individual receives a vaccine that that simulates an actual infection by a pathogen, stimulating the body to produce antibodies for further protection.
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Passive immunity
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An individual does not produce his/her own antibodies, but rather receives them from another source, such as mother to infant through breast milk.
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Cell-mediated immunity
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T cells are primarily responsible for recognizing nonself cells.
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