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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the normal degree for the Axis of the Neck of the Femur with the Axis of the Shaft of the Femur?
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120-130 degrees
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What is the name for the nice smooth curve over the Oburator Foramen?
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Shentons Line
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What are the 2 routine hip radiographs?
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AP
AP Frog Leg |
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What is an Intracapsular Femoral Fracture?
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Femoral Neck and Head fractures
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What is an Extracapsular Femoral Fracture?
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Intertrochanteric Fracture
Subtrochanteric Fracture |
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When do femoral neck fracture most commonly occur?
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AFTER a fall
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Femoral neck fractures can also be related to __________ instead of a single traumatic event.
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Chronic Stress
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Stress fractures of the neck of the femur can be subdivided into what?
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Fatique fractures and Insufficiency Fractures
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What is a Femoral neck fracture that results from an increased or abnormal stress placed on normal bone?
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Fatigue Fractures (stress fractures)
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What is Femoral neck fracture that results from normal stress placed on a diseased bone, such as osteoporotic bone?
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Insufficiency Fractures (pathologic fractures)
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What is the main concern with a femoral neck fracture?
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Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head
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What percent of people die from a femoral neck fracture?
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15-34% (age dependent)
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What percent of Femoral Neck fractures result in osteonecrosis of the femoral head?
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5-18%
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What type of femoral fracture occurs as a result of a fall- from direct or indirect forces?
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Intertrochanteric Fractures
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Where on the femur do Intertrochanteric Fx occur?
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occurs along lines between theGreater and Lesser Trochanter
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Which heals better, Intracapsular or Extracapsular femoral fractures?
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Extracapsular because has an excellent blood supply
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What is the MAIN underlying bone disease that would prequel a Pathologic fracture of the Hip?
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Osteoporosis
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What is the most common bone tumor that could lead to pathologic fractures of the hip?
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Metastatic disease
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What are the 4 most common types of Metastatic Carcinoma?
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Breast
Prostate Lung Renal |
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Lytic cancer tends to have _______density and Blastic cancer tends to have ________ density.
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Lytic- low density
Blastic- high density |
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When would a hip joint replacement be performed?
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with Advanced Degenerative Disease
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What is replaced with a hip joint replacement?
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Acetabulum and head
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What accounts for 90% of all hip dislocations?
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Posterior dislocations
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What occurs when the knee and hip are flexed and a force is applied at the knee?
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Posterior dislocation
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What occurs when a direct blow to the posterior aspect of the hip, or from a force applied to an abducted leg that levers the hip anteriorly out of the acetabulum?
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Anterior Dislocation
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What occurs when a direct impact to the lateral aspect of the hip forces the hip centrally through the acetabulum into the pelvis?
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Central Dislocation- actually a fracture-dislocation
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What type of dislocation is seen on the xray with the femoral head in the obturator foramen?
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Anterior Hip Dislocation- leg is stuck in abduction
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What type of hip dislocation is the leg stuck in abduction?
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Anterior Dislocation
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What is the test for Development Dysplasia of the hip?
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Ortoloni Maneuver
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What is a positive result of the Ortoloni maneuver? What is this indicative of?
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"clunk" is heard when the hip reduces into the acetabulum during abduction. Clunk indicates Development Dysplasia of the hip
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What percent of newborns are born with Development Dysplasia of the hip?
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0.1-0.2% of all newborns
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What are 3 predisposing factors to Development Dysplasia of the hip?
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Female 80%
Family History Breech or other abnormal pos. |
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What are 3 things to look for with a possible Development Dysplasia of the hip?
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1. Shentons Line
2. Small Epiphysis 3. Increased Acetabular Index |
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What is the normal acetabular index for a newborn?
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less than 30 degrees
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What is the normal acetabular index for a 2 year old?
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less than 20 degrees
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What is another name for Development Dysplasia of the Hip?
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Congenital Hip Dislocation
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What are 2 routine femur views?
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AP
Lateral |
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Femur fractures are usually _______ and are treated with intermedullary rods.
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Transverse fx
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What are 2 possible complications with a femur fx?
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Severe Hemorrhage
Pulmonary Embolism-fat embolism |
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What are the 4 routine knee views?
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AP
Lateral Oblique Patella View |
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Should you be concerned is you have a flabella behind the knee?
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no, it's normal
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What is a sesmoid bone that serves as a fulcrum between the tendons?
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Patella
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What is an area of high density that is seen with bursitis, trauma or bleeding?
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Effusion
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What does fat in the knee joint indicate?
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Has to be a fracture
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In a lateral view, describe the fat-fluid level.
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Fat rises above the fluid
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Where do you find Bipartite Patella?
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ALWAYS in upper outer quadrant- it's an ossification center that is pretty common
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What are cortical avulsions of the proximal lateral tibia plateau?
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Segond Fx
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What is usually seen in ski patients and is a little, flat lateral fx at the proximal tibia?
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Segond fx
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What is another name for Segond Fractures?
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Flake fx
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Segond fractures ALWAYS indictate injury to _____________.
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ACL
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Why does the ACL look bright on a MRI, aren't ligaments usually black?
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bright because it has fat thru out
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What is responsible for connecting one meniscus to another?
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Transverse Ligament
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Which meniscus is largest, medial or lateral?
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medial
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What ligament of the knee has a hook shape and should have continuity?
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Posterior Cruciate Lig- very strong and hard to tear
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When looking at a Sagittal MRI of the knee joint, what ligament runs towards the front of the knee and appears to fan out?
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ACL
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What image is best to view the PCL?
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Sagittal Middle Images
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How do you know that the sagittal image is a medial cut?
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can see the "bowtie"
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Which meniscus is larger, anterior or posterior?
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Posterior meniscus LARGER
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What is the only image you can use to diagnose an injury to the meniscus?
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Sagittal Image- bc only one you can see entire ligament
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What are 2 routine views for the Lower Leg?
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AP
Lat |
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With a fractured distal tibia, what else should be observed?
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always look at proximal fibula because it will likely be fx too
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What is a Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome?
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shin splints
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What are 3 routine Ankle views?
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AP
Lateral Oblique |
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With lateral inversion, twisted ankle, what should be observed?
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base of 5th metacarpal for fx
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What is the name of the joint between the Talus and the Navicular bones?
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Transverse Tarsal joint
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With an AP ankle view what is a curvey line between the tibia and foot?
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Ankle Mortus
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What is an ellipticial lesion whose long axis runs parallel with the long axis of the tibia?
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Bone Island
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How big are bone island bening lesions?
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always less than 1 cm
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What is a fracture of the medial and lateral malleolus?
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Bimalleolar Fracture
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What is a medial, lateral and posterior malleolar fracture?
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Trimalleolar Fx
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Widening of the ankle joint is indicative of what?
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Unstable ankle- test the ligament by inverting the ankle
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What is a way to classify tibial fractures?
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Salter Harris Classification
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Wat does a partial archilles tear look like on an MRI?
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Really fat or edema in the tendon
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What is discontinuity of the archilles tendon and the calcaneuous?
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Complete Tear
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What are the Routine Foot Views?
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AP
Lateral Oblique (foot is hard to see, thats why we do oblique even though its a bone) |
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What is a normal Boehler's Angle?
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should be 30-40 degrees
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What does a Boehler's angle less than 30 degrees indicative of?
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Fracture- even if you don't see it
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What is used to find Boehler's angle?
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Anterior and Superior aspects of the Calcaneus bone
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What type of fracture is the base of the 5th metatarsal pulled off by the ligament?
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Inversion Fx (avulsion fx)- usually TRANSVERSE
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What is a fracture to the proximal 5th metatarsal?
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Jones Fx
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When looking at the foot, apophysis run _______, and fractures run ___________.
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Apophysis- run up and down
Fractures- transverse |
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What type of fracture is seen at the 2nd and 3rd metatarsals?
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Stress Fractures- take a long time to see
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What should you do to see a stress fracture since they take so long to see on an Xray?
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Bone scan
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What is a fracture of the Cuneiform and Cuboid bones?
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Lisfranc Fracture Dislocation
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What on an image seems to have the toes shift laterally and there is a big space between big toe and 2nd toe?
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Lisfranc Fracture Dislocation
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