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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
When looking at the Pharynx, what 2 areas should be observed?
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Epiglottis
Cricopharyngeus M |
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When would an image of the Epiglottis be contraindicated for using a barium swallow?
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Perforated GI tract
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What is a narrowing of the lower part of the esophagus?
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Schatzki ring
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Wha 3 things should you check when looking at the epiglottis?
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1.masses
2hypopharynx should be close to spine 3.swollen epiglottis or arytenoid tissue |
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Too much space between the Hypopharynx and the spine would be indicative of what?
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Retropharyngeal Absess
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If foreign body is above GE jxn what should be done? below the GE jxn?
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above- must be removed
below- nothing, it will pass |
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What esophageal contraction wave last 6-8 secs and propels the bolus?
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Primary- starts with swallowing
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What esophageal contraction is the wave initiated by esophageal distention or Gastric Reflux?
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Secondary
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What is a nonperistaltic, disorganized and weak esophageal contraction that is commonly seen in the elderly?
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Teritary
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What is another name for the Tertiary Esophageal Contraction?
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Rosary Bead effect
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What is it when gastric mucosa of stomach has come up into the esophagus?
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Sliding Hiatal Hernia- most common (look for air fluid level and big dark spaces)
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What is it when gastric mucosa of stomach herniates up next to the esophagus?
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Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia- rare
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What are two examples of Hiatal Hernia?
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Sliding
Paraesophageal |
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What is a true esophageal diverticulum?
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all 3 have to herniate!
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Give an example of a True Esophageal Diverticulum?
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Traction- midesophagus is pulled up by nodes in the hilum- pulls all 3 layers
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What are 2 examples of Esophageal Diverticulums?
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Traction -true
Pulsion- not true |
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With Pulsion Esophageal Diverticulum what herniates?
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mucosa and submucosa
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What is a hernia proximal to the cricopharyngeus M and that moves posterolaterally and causes dysphagia and bad breath?
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Zenkers
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What is a hernia distal to the esophageal hiatus?
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Epinphric- rare
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What demarks the end of the duodenum?
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Ligament of Treitz
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How do you determine the Air contrast of the stomach?
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give them air-producing tablets and barium. take a Fluoxoscopy for most accurate pics.
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What is a peristaltic area seperating the antrum and body of the stomacy?
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Incisura Angularis
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What should you suspect with a filling defect of the stomach?
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cancer
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A bulge in the Lesser Curvature of the stomach, assume it what?
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Diverticulum OR Ulcer
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When looking at Lesser Curvature of stomach you see a bulge with radiallucency at its base. What is this?
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Ulcer
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What the is the radial lucency at the base of an ulcer?
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Hampton's line--ALWAYS benign
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What must be done to get an image of the jejunum?
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must apply pressure!
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What image has a coiled, spring appearance with no intended serosa?
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Jejunum (you'll lots of straight lines)
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What is the best way to see the Appendix?
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CT
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What in the GI tract can cause a filling defect and is often confused as polyps?
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Ileocecal Valve
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On a CT, the sigmoid should lies to the ________of the sacrum. If not, then it's abnormal.
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Right
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In GI when you have an abrupt change from normal, assume its what?
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cancer- changes fast!
If it was inflammation then it would move slowly |
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What are the 3 types of Mural lesions (Mucousal Lesions) we talked about?
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Polyp on stalk
Diverticulum or Ulcer Apple Core Cancer |
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What type of Mural lesion bulges in and is seen as a filling defect with barium swallow?
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Polyp on stalk
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What type of Mural lesion pouches on an AP view and has solid color with a lateral view?
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Diverticulum or Ulcer
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Cancer surrounding a valve might look like what on an image?
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Apple Core Cancer
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What can cause hemoturia and back pain?
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Retrocecal Appendix lying on ureter
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What is calcification within the appendix and results with a positive McBurney's test?
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Appendicloth- seen 10% of the time, rupture 50% of the time. With +McBurneys then do an Ultrasound.
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What is air/gas in abdominal cavity?
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Pneumoperitoneum
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What commonly causes Pneumoperitoneum?
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perforated abdominal viscus
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When looking at a Pneumoperitoneum, what will air present in the lumen and outside the lumen appear as?
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Rigler's sign- double wall sign
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What would give you a False Rigler's sign?
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2 loops in contact with another
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What 3 images would you do to examine the abdomen?
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Flat abdomen
Upright Abdomen Upright Chest (easiest to see free on) |
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What is an anatomical space in the abdominal cavity behind the periotoneum?
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Retroperitoneal Spaces- any organ with periotneum only on anterior side
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What are the Retroperitoneal Organs?
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SADPUCKER
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What are lumps on a hemidiaphragm with a CT?
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Normal
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How do ultrasounder locate the pancreas?
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Look for SMA, since fat all around, it's easy to locate
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What two veins join to form the Portal Vein?
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SMV and Splenic V
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How do you distinguish the Portal V from other vessels?
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Surrounded by lucency b/c lots of fat
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What vessels go towards the hilum of the liver where the IVC is and have no fat around them?
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Hepatic Vessels
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What is caused by a high BP in Portal V and is seen with varices in the esophagus and stomach?
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Portal Hypertension
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What is inflammation of the gallbladder and on an image you CAN NOT see the gallbladder?
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Cholescystitis
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What should you perform to rule out Cholelithiasis?
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Normal Hepatobilliary Scan using technesium
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On a Normal Hepatobilliary Scan, if you see bile in the duodenum, what does this mean?
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CAN NOT be Colocystitis
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On an ultrasound, a thick wall gallbladde is indicative for what?
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gallstones
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What is another name for gallstones?
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Cholelithiasis
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To see gallstones on an ultrasound what should you use as a window?
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liver
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Echogenic material in galbladder with either be gallstone or polyp. How do you tell which one it is?
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Gallstone will have an acoustical shadow
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How you you do an ultrasound of the pancreas?
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Go thru left lobe of liver, look for SMA, and pancreas will be sitting right on top of SMA
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A ruptured spleen will look like what on a CT?
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will have dark blood encompassing it all around
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