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30 Cards in this Set
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Rabies characteristics
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Rhabdovirus
bullet shaped, affinity for neurons bat rabies also replicates in epithelials |
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20-60 day incubation (may be up to 6 mo)
fever, anxiety & malaise neurologic signs present 2-10 days after onset |
Rabies presentation
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treatment for rabies
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Rabies Ig
antiserum around site of bite |
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characteristics of Plague
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Yersinia Pestis
slow growing, G- aerobic bacillus (safety pin) bubonic septicemic pneumonic |
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plague presenting w/lump in arm or leg
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Bubonic (bubo)
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plague presenting w necrosis, spread through blood
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Septicemic
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most dangerous form of plague
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Pneumonic
highly contagious |
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treatment for plague
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streptomycin & doxycycline
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characteristics of West Nile
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Flavivirus, (env, ss, ico, RNA)
mosquito to bird (amplifying host) human is secondary host (doesn't replicate in high titers) |
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presentation of West Nile
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0.1% cases fatal
1% goes to CNS 20% show WN fever most asymptomatic |
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Gonorrhea
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Neisseria=G-, cocci
yellow purulent discharge in men asymptomatic in women- peritonitis & infertility |
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diagnosis of gonorrhea
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gram stain is sensitive & specific
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treatment of gonorrhea
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ceftriaxone
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Chlamydia
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obligate intracellular bacteria
G- envelope that lacks muramic acid uses host ATP not easily detected |
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treatment of chlamydia
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tetracyclines
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5 causes of genital ulcers
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herpes
syphilis chancroid behcet's & reiter's are non-infectious |
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Syphilis
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Treponema Pallidum
spirochete, motile, capsule-like outer coat can NOT be cultured in lab toxic to fetus |
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primary syphilis
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chancre- painless, red, raised lesion
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secondary syphilis
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rash, condyloma lata
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tertiary syphilis
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benign- granulomatous lesions
CV Neurosyphilis- tabes dorsalis |
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bacteria in meningitis
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All are aerobes
S Pneumoniae (young adult & older), H Influenzae (vaccine), N Meningitidis (baby/kid), L Monocytogenes (immunocompromised) G- usually from nosocomial Staph usually from head trauma |
all are aerobic
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diagnosis of meningitis
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lumbar puncture
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CSF w/monocytes, normal glucose & protein
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viral meningitis- may culture virus but may not
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what kind of meningitis
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CSF w/PMNs, LOW glucose, elevated protein
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bacterial- probably culture bug
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what kind of meningitis
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treatment for meningitis
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cephalosporins-
large doses steroids for neuro sequelae gentamycin does NOT cross BBB |
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Meningitis- mechanism of infection
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respiratory infection, IL-1 attaches to meningeal blood vessels, PMNs attach & enter CNS
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Brain Abscess- Mechanism of infection
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in sinus after untreated sinus infection
or- travels in blood & lodges in small vessel |
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diagnosis for brain abscess
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NO LUMBAR PUNCTURE
CT |
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presentation & bug of brain abscess
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looks & acts like tumor
anaerobic bacteria |
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Cause of Encephalitis
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usually virus
West Nile Herpes |
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