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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why do we eat? |
To obtain nutrients used to supply energy, growth and repair of our bodies. |
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What is the word equation for Respiration? |
Oxygen + Glucose - Water + Energy + Carbon Dioxide |
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What is the chemical equation for Respiration? |
6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ - 6H₂O + 6CO₂ + Energy |
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What are Biological Molecules? |
The basic types of molecules that are made by or used by living organisms. |
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What are the Main sources of energy? |
Main sources of energy are: Carbohydrates Fats Proteins (mainly growth, can be respiration) |
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What parts of our diet help metabolism and digestion? |
Help metabolism and digestion: Vitamins Minerals Fibre Water |
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Which elements do all Carbohydrates contain? Hint: Carbo-hydr-ates |
All Carbohydrates contain: Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) |
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What are sugars? Are they soluble? |
Sugars are smaller, soluble carbohydrates that taste sweet. They are normally soluble in water. |
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Why do we eat sugars? |
When eaten, sugars are absorbed quickly. They can then be respired to release energy quickly. |
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What are the two types of sugar? Give examples of each. |
1. Monosaccharides (one sugar) eg: glucose, fructose, galactose 2.Disaccharides (two sugar) eg: maltose, sucrose, lactose |
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What are Polysaccharides? Give examples. |
Polysaccharides (many sugar) are large insoluble carbohydrates. Eg: Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen |
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How are Carbohydrates made? |
Carbohydrates are made of: many glucose molecules joined in a chain |
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What are Starch and Glycogen made from? At what speed are they digested? |
Starch and Glycogen are made from simple sugar. They are slowly digested. They release energy slowly |
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Name 3 Starch rich foods |
Starch rich foods: -Potatoes -Rice -Pasta |
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Name 3 Glycogen rich foods |
Glycogen rich foods: -Lamb Liver -Beef -Chicken |
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Name 3 Sugar rich foods |
Sugar rich foods: -Sweets -Chocolate -Fruit |
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Which elements do Proteins contain? |
Proteins contain: -Carbon (C) -Hydrogen (H) -Oxygen (O) -Nitrogen (N) -Sulphur (S) |
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How are Protein Molecules made? |
Protein molecules are made of amino acids. These are joined by peptite bonds, in a chain. This chain folds into specific shapes to carry out different jobs. |
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What does Protein do? |
Protein helps our bodies grow and repair damaged tissues. |
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Name 3 Protein rich foods |
Protein rich foods: -Meat -Milk -Eggs |
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What are Lipids? |
Lipid molecules are triglycerides that are used to store energy in our bodies. |
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Which Elements do Lipids contain? |
Lipids contain: -Carbon (C) -Hydrogen (H) -Oxygen (O) |
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What do Lipids do? Give an example |
Lipids give us energy, insulate and protect organs. eg: Kidneys protected by Fat |
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Are Lipids Soluble in Water? |
Lipids are insoluble in water |
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What are solid lipids called? |
Solid Lipids are known as fats |
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What are fluid lipids called? |
Fluid Lipids are known as oils |
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What are lipids made from? |
Lipids are made from Fatty Acids and Glycerol |
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How do you test for starch? |
1. Place sample in test tube. 2.Add 2-3 drops of iodine solution. 3.Shake gently. 4.Check if result is positive or negative. |
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What is the positive result for starch? |
Positive - The solution changes colour: Brown - Blue / Black |
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What is the negative result for starch? |
Negative - Solution stays same colour: brown / yellow |
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How do you test for Glucose? NB: step 3. Put Beaker on a heatproof mat. |
1. Put known volume of sample in test tube. 2. Add =volume of Benedict's solution 4. Half-fill beaker w/ boiling water and put test tube in for 5 mins. 5.Check if result is positive or negative |
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What is the positive result for Glucose? |
Positive - Solution changes colour: Blue - Red / Yellow / Green |
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What is the negative result for Glucose? |
Negative - Solution stays same colour: Stays Blue |
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What fraction of our body mass is water? What % of our Blood is water? |
Our body mass is approx. 2/3 water Our blood is approx 96% water |
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Why is water vital for life? |
- Needed for Chemical reactions in body - Blood (needed to transport substances around body) |
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1.Why must we drink sufficient quantities of water? 2.How much should we drink? |
1.Water is lost when metabolic waste is excreted 2.We need approx. 2L of water a day |
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What is fibre made of? Does it provide energy? |
Fibre is made from indigestible cellulose (found in fruit and vegetables) It doesn't provide energy |
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What is another name for Fibre? |
- Dietary Fibre - Roughage |
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Why do we need to eat Fibre? |
- Fibre adds bulk to food -Fibre helps movement of food through intestines -Fibre lowers uptake of cholestrol (reduces risk of heart disease + bowel cancer) |
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What are the effects of too little Fibre? |
Too little fibre in a diet can cause constipation |
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What are deficiency diseases? How can they be cured? |
Deficiency diseases are caused when the body doesn't have enough vitamins / minerals They can be cured by eating right foods. |
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For Vitamin A, what are the: 1.Sources in diet 2.Uses in body 3.Deficiency Diseases |
1. Carrots, Butter, Milk, Liver 2. Good eyesight, Healthy skin 3. Sore eyes, Poor night vision,unhealthy skin |
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For Vitamin C, what are the: 1.Sources in diet 2.Uses in body 3.Deficiency Diseases |
1. Citrus Fruits 2. Tissue repair, Resistance to disease 3. Scurvy |
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For Vitamin D, what are the: 1.Sources in diet 2.Uses in body 3.Deficiency Diseases |
1. Fish oil, Milk, Butter, Sunlight (made during) 2. Strong bones, Strong teeth 3. Rickets |
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For Iron, what are the: 1.Sources in diet 2.Uses in body 3.Deficiency Diseases |
1. Liver, Meat, Cocoa 2. Healthy red blood cells 3. Anaemia |
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For Calcium, what are the: 1.Sources in diet 2.Uses in body 3.Deficiency Diseases |
1. Milk, Green Veg 2. Strong bones, Strong teeth 3. Soft bones |
