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156 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ACT |
The bay ACTED AS a funnel for the tide. (= functioned as) My friend ACTED LIKE a fool. (= behaved in a similar manner) S: The bay ACTED LIKE a funnel for the tide. |
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AFFECT / EFFECT |
The new rules will AFFECT our performance. |
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AFTER |
AFTER the gold rush, the mining town collapsed. S: FOLLOWING the gold rush, the mining town collapsed. (ambiguous) |
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AGGRAVATE |
His behavior AGGRAVATED the problem. (= made worse) = 'was annoying to' is the wrong usage |
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AGREE |
They AGREE THAT electrons EXIST. Electrons are particles THAT physicists AGREE EXIST. S: They AGREE electrons EXIST. (AGREE THAT is preferred) |
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AID |
She AIDS HER NEIGHBOR. She provides AID TO victims. AID FOR victims is available. Her AID IN WALKING the dog was appreciated. |
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AIM |
We adopted new procedures AIMED AT REDUCING theft. We adopted new procedures WITH THE AIM OF REDUCING theft. |
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ANXIETY |
His ANXIETY ABOUT his company's future is ill-founded. His ANXIETY THAT his company MAY BE SOLD is ill-founded. |
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APPEAR |
Imperfections APPEAR AS tiny cracks. (= show up as) He APPEARS CONFUSED (=seems) The dinosaurs APPEAR TO HAVE BEEN relatively smart. IT APPEARS THAT the dinosaurs WERE smart. |
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APPLY |
The rules APPLY TO all of us. |
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AS LONG AS |
I will leave, AS LONG AS it IS safe. I will leave, SO LONG AS it IS safe. I will leave, PROVIDED THAT it IS safe. S: I will leave, BUT it HAS TO BE safe. |
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AS ... SO |
AS you practice, SO shall you play. (= in the same way or manner) JUST AS you practice, SO shall you play (= in the same way or manner) JUST AS you practice piano regularly, you should study regularly. (= in the same way; the situations are analogous) |
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ASK |
I ASKED FOR his AID. He ASKED her TO GO to the store. He ASKED THAT she GO to the store. (Subjunctive) |
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ATTRIBUTE |
We ATTRIBUTE the uprising TO popular discontent. |
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AVERAGE |
Tech COMPANIES are as likely as the AVERAGE COMPANY to fail. |
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AWARE |
AWARE OF the danger, he fled. AWARE THAT danger was near, he fled. |
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BAN |
They passed a BAN PROHIBITING us FROM CARRYING bottles. |
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BASED ON |
The verdict was BASED ON the evidence. The jury reached a verdict BASED ON the evidence. |
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BEGIN |
The movement BEGAN AS a protest. (= was born as) The movement BEGAN WITH a protest. (= protest was the first part) The protest BEGAN a movement. (= caused) |
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BETWEEN / AMONG |
A battle ensued BETWEEN the reactionaries AND the radicals. A skirmish ensued AMONG the combatants. (Use among for more than two parties) |
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BORDERS |
WITHIN the BORDERS of a country. |
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CHANCE |
I have ONE CHANCE IN A THOUSAND OF WINNING tonight. |
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CLAIM |
They CLAIM THAT they CAN read minds. They CLAIM TO BE ABLE to read minds. |
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COMPARABLE |
Costs are rising, but incomes have not increased COMPARABLY. |
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COMPARED / COMPARISON |
IN COMPARISON WITH (or TO) horses, zebras are vicious. A zebra can be COMPARED TO a horse in many ways. COMPARED WITH a horse, a zebra is very hard to tame. Note: GMAT ignores the distinctions between COMPARED TO (emphasizes similarities) and COMPARED WITH (emphasizing differences) |
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CONCEIVE |
He CONCEIVES OF architecture AS a dialogue. S: His CONCEPTION OF architecture IS AS a dialogue. |
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CONFIDENCE |
We have CONFIDENCE THAT the market WILL RECOVER. S: We have CONFIDENCE IN the market's ABILITY TO RECOVER. |
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CONNECTION |
There is a strong CONNECTION BETWEEN his grades AND his effort. |
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CONTEND |
They CONTEND THAT they can decipher the code. |
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CONTINUE |
The danger will CONTINUE TO GROW. |
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CONTRAST |
IN CONTRAST WITH the zoo, the park charges no admission. IN CONTRAST TO the zoo, the park charges no admission. Unlike the zoo, the park charges no admission. |
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CONVINCE |
She was CONVINCED THAT she had been robbed. S: She was OF THE CONVICTION THAT she had been robbed. |
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COST |
Pollution COSTS us billions IN increased medical bills. |
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COULD |
You COULD DO anything you want. S: You HAVE (or MAY HAVE) THE POSSIBILITY OF DOING anything you want. |
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CREATE |
We WILL CREATE a team TO LEAD the discussion. |
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CREDIT |
Hugo CREDITS Sally WITH good taste. Sally IS CREDITED WITH good taste. |
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DANGER |
We ARE IN DANGER OF FORGETTING the past. S: We ARE ENDANGERED BY FORGETTING the past. |
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DATE |
They DATED the artifact AT three centuries old. The artifact WAS DATED AT three centuries old. |
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DECIDE |
She DECIDED TO START a company. S: Her DECISION WAS TO START a company. |
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DECLARE |
I DECLARED the election a fraud. I DECLARED the referendum invalid. They DECLARED THAT the election was a fraud. S: They DECLARED the election was a fraud. (DECLARE THAT is preferred) The judge DECLARED the election TO BE a fraud. |
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DECLINE |
The price of oil DECLINED. Oil DECLINED in price. The DECLINE IN the price of oil was unexpected. My friend's reputation DECLINED. |
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DEMAND |
They DEMANDED THAT the store BE closed. Their DEMAND THAT the store BE closed was not met. |
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DESIGN |
This window IS DESIGNED TO OPEN. |
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DETERMINE |
The winner was DETERMINED BY a coin toss. |
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DEVELOP |
The executive DEVELOPED her idea INTO a project. The idea DEVELOPED INTO a project. |
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DIFFER / DIFFERENT |
My opinion DIFFERS FROM yours. My opinion IS DIFFERENT FROM yours. |
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DIFFERENCE |
There is a DIFFERENCE IN ability BETWEEN us. There is a DIFFERENCE BETWEEN what you can do AND what I can do. There are DIFFERENCES IN what you and I can do. |
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DIFFICULT |
Quantum mechanics is DIFFICULT TO STUDY. |
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DISCOVERY |
I love the DISCOVERY THAT carbon CAN form soccer-ball molecules. S: I love the DISCOVERY OF carbon's ABILITY TO format soccer-ball molecules. |
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DISINCLINED |
She IS DISINCLINED TO WRITE to her parents. |
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DISTINGUISH / DISTINCTION |
The investor DISTINGUISHED BETWEEN trends AND fads. There is a DISTINCTION BETWEEN trends AND fads. |
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DO |
I did not eat the cheese, but my mother DID (or DID SO). |
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DOUBT |
We DO NOT DOUBT THAT the apples are ripe. We HAVE NO DOUBT THAT the apples are ripe. She DOUBTS WHETHER Jan will arrive on time. S: She DOUBTS THAT Jan will arrive on time. Note: The GMAT claims that DOUBT, used in a positive statement without NOT or NO, should be followed by WHETHER or IF, not THAT. |
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DUE TO |
The deficit IS DUE TO overspending. (= results from) Our policy will not cover damage DUE TO fire. (= resulting from) BECAUSE politicians SPEND money, we have a deficit. |
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ECONOMIC and ECONOMICAL |
The rise in gasoline prices has an ECONOMIC impact on consumers. (= financial) Our new car is more ECONOMICAL than our last. (= efficient) |
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ELECT |
She ELECTED TO WITHDRAW her money early. S: She ELECTED early WITHDRAWAL OF her money. |
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ENOUGH |
The book was SHORT ENOUGH TO READ in a night. The book was SHORT ENOUGH FOR me TO READ in a night. S: The power plant has found a way to generate energy at an unprecedented scale, ENOUGH FOR powering an entire city. |
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ENSURE |
He ENSURES THAT deadlines ARE met (or WILL BE met). |
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EQUIPPED |
They are EQUIPPED TO FIGHT on any terrain. |
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ESTIMATE |
She ESTIMATES the cost TO BE ten dollars. The cost IS ESTIMATED TO BE ten dollars. With a temperature ESTIMATED AT 100 degrees, boiling water can cause severe burns. She ESTIMATES the cost TO BE 10% less than it was last year. |
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EVEN |
I am EVEN RICHER THAN a prince. I earn AS MUCH money AS EVEN the wealthiest king. |
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EVER |
The economy is MORE fragile THAN EVER BEFORE. |
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EVERY |
FOR EVERY dollar SAVED, THREE dollars ARE WASTED. S: FOR EVERY dollar SAVED, you WASTE THREE dollars. |
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EXCEPT |
EXCEPT FOR a final skirmish, the war was over. S: BESIDES a final skirmish, the war was over. WITH THE EXCEPTION OF a final skirmish, the war was over. EXCEPTING a final skirmish, the war was over. |
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EXPEND |
We EXPEND energy ON neighborhood development. |
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EXTENT |
We enjoyed the film TO some EXTENT. The EXTENT TO WHICH we enjoyed the film was moderate. |
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FAULT |
The criminals ARE AT FAULT FOR BREAKING the law. S: BREAKING the law IS THE FAULT OF the criminals. |
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FIND |
The scientist FOUND THAT the reaction WAS unusual. S: The scientist FOUND the reaction TO BE unusual. |
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FORBID |
The law FORBIDS any citizen TO VOTE twice. |
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GOAL |
The GOAL IS TO EXPAND the company. S: The GOAL IS EXPANSION OF the company. |
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HEAR |
She HEARD THAT her investment HAD PAID off. |
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HELP |
He HELPS RAKE the leaves. He HELPS TO RAKE the leaves. He HELPS me RAKE the leaves. He HELPS me TO RAKE the leaves. His HELP IN RAKING the leaves has been welcome. |
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HOLD |
The law HOLDS THAT jaywalking is illegal. S: The law HOLDS jaywalking TO BE illegal. |
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INFLUENCE |
His example INFLUENCED me. |
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INSTANCE |
We eat out often; FOR INSTANCE, last week we ate out every night. |
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INSTEAD |
They avoided the arcade and INSTEAD went to a movie. RATHER is wrong |
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INTERACT |
These groups often INTERACT WITH ONE ANOTHER (or EACH OTHER). |
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INTERACTION |
The INTERACTION OF two nuclei COLLIDING releases energy. S: The INTERACTION BETWEEN two nuclei COLLIDING releases energy. |
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INVEST |
She INVESTED funds IN research TO STUDY cancer. |
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ISOLATED |
The culture was ISOLATED FROM outside CONTACT. S: The culture was IN ISOLATION. |
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KNOW |
We KNOW her TO BE brilliant. She is KNOWN TO BE brilliant. We KNOW him AS "Reggie." He is KNOWN AS "Reggie." |
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LACK |
Old gadgets ARE LACKING IN features. Old gadgets LACK features. The LACK OF features is upsetting. S: There is A LACK OF engineers TO BUILD new gadgets. |
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LESS |
Our utilities add up to LESS THAN 10% of our income. |
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LET |
My doctor LETS me SWIM in the ocean. |
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LIE |
Our strength LIES IN numbers. (= resides in) Yesterday, our strength LAY IN numbers. (= resided in) Tomorrow, our strength WILL LIE IN numbers. I lose my books whenever I LAY them down. (Present tense of different verb) |
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LIKELY |
My friend IS LIKELY TO EAT worms. IT IS LIKELY THAT my friend WILL EAT worms. My friend is MORE LIKELY THAN my enemy [is] TO EAT worms. My friend is TWICE AS LIKELY AS my enemy [is] TO EAT worms. MORE THAN LIKELY, my friend WILL EAT worms. |
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LOSS |
I have suffered a LOSS OF strength. (= decline of a quality) They have suffered a LOSS IN the euro. (= decline of an investment) |
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MANDATE |
The general MANDATED THAT a trench BE dug. (Subjunctive) S: We HAVE A MANDATE TO CALL an election soon. (= have authority) |
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MAKE |
The leader MADE the resistance POSSIBLE. The leader MADE IT POSSIBLE TO RESIST oppression. The leader MADE IT POSSIBLE FOR us TO RESIST oppression. Note: the IT properly refers to the infinitive TO RESIST. Windshields ARE MADE resistant to impact. S: The leader MADE POSSIBLE the resistance. |
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MASS |
The truck HAS ten TIMES THE MASS of a small car. |
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MEANS |
Music education is A MEANS TO improved cognition. |
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MISTAKE |
My spouse HAS MISTAKEN me FOR a wealthier person. |
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MORE |
We observed A 10% INCREASE IN robberies last month. MORE AND MORE, we have observed violent robberies on weekends. INCREASINGLY, we have observed violent robberies on weekends. S: We observed 10% MORE robberies last month. |
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MOST |
OF ALL the Greek gods, Zues was THE MOST powerful. (Superlative) He was THE SECOND MOST attractive AND THE MOST powerful. |
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NATIVE |
The kangaroo is NATIVE TO Australia. (Said of animals, plants) My friend is A NATIVE OF Australia. (Said of people) |
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NUMBER |
A NUMBER OF dogs ARE barking. THE NUMBER OF dogs IS large. THE NUMBER OF dogs HAS FALLEN, but THE NUMBER OF cats HAS RISEN. The grey oyster nearly vanished, but ITS NUMBERS have rebounded. |
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ONCE |
We might ONCE have seen that band. |
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ONLY |
Her performance is exceeded ONLY by theirs. (Modifies by theirs) Wrong: Her performance is ONLY exceeded by theirs (technically modifies exceeded). ONLY should be placed just before the words it is meant to modify. |
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OR |
I do NOT want water OR milk. S: I do NOT want water AND milk. (Implies the combination) |
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ORDER |
The state ORDERS THAT the agency COLLECT taxes. (Subjunctive) The state ORDERS the agency TO COLLECT taxes. |
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OWE |
He OWES money TO the government FOR back taxes.
S: He OWES money TO the government BECAUSE OF back taxes. |
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PAY |
The employer PAYS the same FOR this JOB as for that one. |
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PERSUADE |
He PERSUADED her TO GO with him. |
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POTENTIALLY |
A tornado IS POTENTIALLY overwhelming. |
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PROBABLY / MAYBE / PERHAPS |
This situation IS PROBABLY as bad as it can get. This situation MAY BE as bad as it can get. (Less certain than PROBABLY) PERHAPS (or MAYBE) this situation IS as bad as it can get. S: IT MAY BE THAT this situation IS as bad as it can get. |
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PROHIBIT |
The law PROHIBITS any citizen FROM VOTING twice. |
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PRONOUNCE |
She PRONOUNCED the book a triumph. S: She PRONOUNCED the book AS a triumph. |
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PROPOSE |
The attorneys PROPOSED THAT a settlement BE reached. (Subjunctive) The attorneys PROPOSED a new venue. The attorneys PROPOSED TO MEET for lunch. |
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RANGE FROM/TO |
His emotions RANGED FROM anger TO joy. His WIDELY RANGING emotions are hard to deal with. (= changing over time) His WIDE RANGE of accomplishments is impressive. (= a variety) |
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RANK |
This problem RANKS AS one of the worst we have seen. |
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RATE |
The RATES FOR bus tickets are good for commuters. (= prices) The RATE OF theft has fallen. (= frequency or speed) |
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REASON |
I have A REASON TO DO work today. She has A REASON FOR the lawsuit. This observation indicates a REASON THAT he is here. S: This observation indicates a REASON WHY he is here. |
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REBEL |
The colonists REBELLED AGAINST tyranny. S: The colonists' REBELLION WAS AGAINST tyranny. |
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RECOGNIZE |
They RECOGNIZED THAT the entrance fee WAS a bargain. They RECOGNIZED the entrance TO BE a bargain. They RECOGNIZED the entrance AS a bargain. |
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RECOMMEND |
We RECOMMENDED THAT the shelter BE opened. |
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REDUCE |
The coalition REDUCED prices. The coalition was considering A REDUCTION IN prices. S: The coalition MADE (or CAUSED) A REDUCTION IN prices. |
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REFER |
This term REFERS TO a kind of disease. REFERRING TO the controversy, the politician asked for calm. S: This term IS USED TO REFER TO a kind of disease. |
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REGARD |
He REGARDS the gold ring AS costly. The gold ring IS REGARDED AS costly. He IS REGARDING AS HAVING good taste. |
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RELUCTANT |
They were RELUCTANT TO SAY anything. |
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REPORT |
A study HAS REPORTED THAT bees ARE DISAPPEARING rapidly. |
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REQUEST |
I REQUEST THAT he BE removed. (Subjunctive) |
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REQUIRE |
She REQUIRES time TO WRITE (or IN ORDER TO WRITE). She REQUIRES her friend TO DO work. Her friend IS REQUIRED TO DO work. She REQUIRES THAT her friend DO work. (Subjunctive) She REQUIRES OF her friend THAT work BE done. (Subjunctive) S: In this hostel, there is a REQUIREMENT OF work. There is a REQUIREMENT THAT work BE done. |
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RESEMBLE |
A neighbor of mine RESEMBLES my father. S: A neighbor of mine HAS A RESEMBLANCE TO my father. |
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RESTRICTION |
The government imposed RESTRICTIONS ON the price of gasoline. |
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RESULT |
Wealth RESULTS FROM work. Work RESULTS IN wealth. Wealth IS A RESULT OF work. Wealth grows AS A RESULT OF work. AS A RESULT OF our work, our wealth grew. The RESULT OF our work WAS THAT our wealth grew. |
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REVEAL |
The analysis REVEALED THAT the comet WAS mostly ice. S: The analysis REVEALED the comet WAS mostly ice. |
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RISE |
Oil prices ROSE sharply last year. A RISE IN oil prices has led to inflation. RISING prices at the gas pump are hurting consumers. The RISING OF the SUN always lifts my spirits. RAISE = bet or pay increase |
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RULE |
The judge RULED THAT the plantiff WAS in contempt. S: The judge RULED the plantiff WAS in contempt. |
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SAME |
The car looks THE SAME TO me AS TO you. I drove to the store AT THE SAME TIME AS you [did]. |
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SECURE |
Our authority IS SECURE. |
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SEEM |
This result SEEMS TO DEMONSTRATE the new theory. IT SEEMS THAT this result DEMONSTRATES the new theory. IT SEEMS AS IF this result DEMONSTRATES the new theory. S: This result SEEMS TO BE A DEMONSTRATION OF the new theory. This result SEEMS DEMONSTRATIVE OF the new theory. This result SEEMS LIKE A DEMONSTRATION OF the new theory. |
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SHOULD |
A car SHOULD BE TAKEN to the mechanic frequently. (= obligation) |
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SHOW |
A discovery SHOWS THAT an object IS strange. A discovery SHOWS an object TO BE strange. S: A discovery SHOWS an object IS strange. |
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SIGNIFICANT |
Your edits HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED the book. S: Your edits HAVE MADE A SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT IN the book. |
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SIMILAR |
ALL companies HAVE SIMILAR issues. (Comparison requires plural.) |
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SINCE |
Xingo is THE MOST successful new product SINCE 1997. (= up to now) It is the best new beverage SINCE Prune Cola. S: Xingo is the best new beverage FOLLOWINY Prune Cola. |
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SO TOO |
Bellbottoms ARE coming back in style, and SO TOO ARE vests. S: Bellbottoms ARE coming back in style, and ALSO vests. |
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SUBSTITUTE |
We SUBSTITUTED Parmesan cheese OR mozzarella. |
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SUCCEED |
She SUCCEEDED IN REACHING the summit. |
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SUCH |
You may enjoy chemistry and physics, but I hate SUCH subjects. You may enjoy chemistry and physics, but I hate THESE subjects. Note: THESE means "these specifically." SUCH is more general. |
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SUGGEST |
A study SUGGESTS THAT more work IS needed (or WILL BE) needed. We SUGGEST THAT he BE promoted. (subjunctive) This artwork SUGGESTS great talent. S: This artwork IS SUGGESTIVE OF great talent. |
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SURFACE |
Craters have been seen ON THE SURFACE OF the moon. S: Craters have been seen AT THE SURFACE OF the moon. |
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TARGETED |
This intervention is TARGETED AT a specific misbehavior. |
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THINK |
She THINKS OF them AS heroes. She IS THOUGHT TO BE secretly wealthy. |
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TRAIN |
She WAS TRAINED TO RUN a division. |
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TRY |
They WILL TRY TO BUILD a company. (= intent or purpose) S: We TRIED BREAKING the door down. (= experiment) |
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TWICE |
He is TWICE AS fall AS Alex [is]. Leaves fall TWICE AS quickly AS they grow. Naomi wrote TWICE AS MANY letters AS Sara [did]. Naomi wrote ten letters, DOUBLE THE NUMBER THAT Sara wrote. Naomi's income DOUBLED in three years. Naomi DOUBLED her income in three years. |
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USE |
He USES the hammer TO BREAK a board. He BREAKS a board WITH the hammer. His hammer BREAKS a board. He USES the hammer AS a weapon. |
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VARIATION |
There are VARIATIONS IN sunspot frequency and strength over time. |
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VIEW |
I VIEWED this process AS a mistake. |
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WAY |
We proposed a WAY OF REACHING the goal. The WAY IN WHICH we discussed the idea was positive. The best WAY TO REACH the goal IS TO FOCUS one's energy. This process was developed TO ACHIEVE the target. S: This process was developed AS A WAY OF ACHIEVING the target. |
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WEIGH |
My laptop WEIGHS LESS THAN a suitcase. My laptop IS LIGHTER THAN a suitcase. |
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WHERE |
Sussex is the only county WHERE pomegranates grow in this state. Sussex is the only county IN WHICH pomegranates grow in this state. This incident represents a case IN WHICH I would call the police. |
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WHOSE / WHOM |
The officer WHOSE task was to be here did not show up. The company WHOSE growth leads the industry is XYZ, Inc. S: The officer, THE task OF WHOM was to be here, did not show up. |
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WITH |
The lions growled, WITH their fur STANDING on end. |
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WORRY |
The committee was WORRIED ABOUT increased prices. |
