Id Terms

Front 1

agricultural revolution

Back 1

5000 BC

-discovery of domestic farming

-first domesticated plants were in mexico(corn)

-governments become more formal and permenant

-gender roles differ

Front 2

mayan

Back 2

-created the mayan calendar

-only priests and families could live in cities

-developed writing system

-1200AD decline due to possible drought- war

Front 3

aztec

Back 3

-hunters an gatherers

-moved to central mexico 1200

-eagle on cactus caused them to move

Front 4

caddos

Back 4

-lived in east texas, louisianna

-decendents from mississippi mound builders

-teshas: caddy word for friend>tejas>texas

-traded with other NAs, such as the aztecs

Front 5

mississippi mound people

Front 6

catholic church

Front 7

feuadalism

Front 8

the black death

Front 9

indulgences

Front 10

95 theses

Back 10

written by martin luther in protest of the catholic church

Front 11

protestant reformation

Front 12

martin luther

Back 12

former catholic reset who started the protestant reformation

Front 13

john calvin

Front 14

henry Vlll

Front 15

astrolabe

Front 16

caravel

Front 17

reconquest/requonquista

Front 18

crusades

Front 19

prince henry the navigator

Front 20

christopher columbus

Front 21

hernan cortes

Back 21

-officer in spanish armada

-conquistador

-cuba arrival-early 1500s

1519 hears of wealthy kingdom in mexco

-several ships & 600 men

-goes to tenochtitlan, ends bad, leaves

-later commands army of conquistadors and indians to take back tenochtitlan

-conquered aztecs 1523

Front 22

la malinche/ dona marina

Back 22

-slave to mayans, sold by mother

-given to cortez

-became translator to aztecs

-became cortez's mistress, bore son

-became catholic

-dona marina(catholic name)

Front 23

tenochtitlan

Back 23

-mexican island

-now mexico city

Front 24

montezuma

Back 24

-king of the aztecs

Front 25

bernal diaz

Back 25

-wrote book 4 decades after the conquest

-disgusted but the pyramids

Front 26

conquistador

Back 26

-"conquerer"

Front 27

sir francis drake

Back 27

-one of the best captains and sailors in the english navy

-pirated spanish ships from their gold and silver

Front 28

sir walter raleigh

Back 28

-came from england

-tried to start a colony to find el dorado

Front 29

john white

Back 29

-hired by sir walter raleigh to help start colony

-took 300 settlers

-took him over a year to get supplies back in england

-finally comes back with supplies and everyone is gone

Front 30

roanoke

Back 30

-modern day north carolina

-colonists built fort

-virginia dare, first english baby birthed in americas

Front 31

croatoan

Back 31

-indian colony near roanoke, named carved in to roanoke log

Front 32

panfilio narvaez

Back 32

-leader of the cuban army sent to arrest cortes

Front 33

bartoleme de las casas

Back 33

-went to catholic mass, heard priest speak about how indians were being treated

-did a 180, sold land and freed slaves

-became a priest himself

-one of the first men to become a catholic priest in americas

-spends career protecting indians and speaking out against torched by

1.goes back to europe and talks to king of spain and the pope and they make las that protect indians(now have legal rights)

2. founded his own colony in chiapas in southern mexico, and became bishop, tried to convert mayans to catholosism

3. made a written history of their torcher

Front 34

ferdinand magellan

Back 34

-1521 organized journey with 7 ships(3 returned)

-first to sail around the world

-killed in philipine islands

Front 35

cabeza de vaca

Back 35

-spaniard from mexico

-1528 wanted to conquer florida

-with narvaez

-tried to sail back to mexico, made tiny rafts, caught hurricane

-vaca tossed into texas

- landed in galveston

-indians made them slaves for slaves 1528-1534

-convinced indians that he was a faith healer and earns freedom

-hears about 7 golden cities(eldorado)

Front 36

el dorado

Back 36

-7 golden cities

Front 37

francisco coronado

Back 37

-leaves to look for el dorado

-finds pueblo indians

-also looked in great plains, saw millions of buffalo

Front 38

henry VIII

Back 38

-split english church (anglican) fro the catholic church

Front 39

edward VI

Back 39

-henry VIII's son, leaders ran the country until he was of age

-reigned 6 years

Front 40

mary I

Back 40

-daughter of henry VIII and his first wife, edwards sister

-wanted to restore catholic church is original state

-english nobleman that refused were burned and beheadded

-"bloody mary"

-reigned 5 years

-married to phillip I

Front 41

elizabeth I

Back 41

-edward and elizabeths sister

-makes england protestant again

Front 42

spanish armada

Back 42

-wanted to destroy english navy

-they were destroyed and never invaded

-3 effects of english defeating the spanish armada

1. remains protestant under elizabeth I

2. english navy remains dominant in the atlantic3. because of navy, english settlement of america is now possible

Front 43

phillip I

Back 43

-started the spanish armada

-married to mary I

Front 44

cash crop

Back 44

-crop grown for sale in europe

-tobacco, cotton, sugar

Front 45

el mina

Back 45

-island off the cost of western africa

-portugese word for mine

-portugal, holland, england controlled island and were major slave traders

Front 46

middle passage

Back 46

-slaves transported on ships to go to america

-disease and death were common

Front 47

slave code

Back 47

1. establish legal status of a slave

2. regulate slave behavior

-legally prohibited from learning to read

-harsher punishments

-couldn't carry firearms

Front 48

jamestown

Back 48

• who: virginia company
  
• what: built poor fort with homes inside, at tacked by indians, received fools gold, barely survived harsh winter
  
• when: 1607
  
• where: modern day virginia
  
• why:
  

Front 49

john smith

Back 49

• who: former english soldier
  
• what: put jamestown under military discipline
• when:
  
• where:
  
• why:
  

Front 50

powhatan

Back 50

who: indian chief

what:

when:

where:

why:

Front 51

pocahontas

Back 51

who: powhatan's daughter

what: protected john smith, married john rolfe

when:

where: virginia

why:

Front 52

john rolfe

Back 52

who:

what: introduced carribbean tobacco to virginia, marries pocahontas, has a son, sells tobacco & gets rich, goes to meet king james I, pocahontas dies on the way back

when: 1615 dies

where:

why:

Front 53

joint stock company

Back 53

who: africa company (virgina co.)

what: sale of slaves

when:

where: england

why:

Front 54

proprietary charter

Back 54

who:

what:

when:

where:

why:

Front 55

virginia company

Back 55

who:what:when:where:why:

Front 56

colonial charter

Back 56

1. joint stock company
2. proprietary colony is property of the founder
3. roll colony is ruled by the kingship. or governor
4. where is the colony located & where are boundaries?
5. who is the founder of the colony and who is allowed to live there?
6. what colonial government is set up under the charter

Front 57

mercantilism

Back 57

1. colony is only supposed to trade with england
   
2. could only buy from england
   
3. trade could only be on english ship

Front 58

tobacco

Back 58

plant that the colonies could make money off of

Front 59

smuggling

Back 59

go against mercantilism and trade with other countries colonies

Front 60

indentured servants

Back 60

-white servants from england that grew tobacco

-work for 7 years and receive free ride to america

-if they survived contract, they were given free wages

-colony ran out of land, IS's couldn't get reward and were unemployed

-couldnt expand due to land treaty with the indians

_went to nathan bacon

Front 61

free wages

Back 61

given these for surviving indentured servant contract

-tobacco seeds

-tools

-land

Front 62

natahan bacon

Back 62

-leader of rebellion of indentured servants

-dies of dysentary

Front 63

bacons rebellion

Back 63

-bacon went to house of burgesses to request war on indians to expand land

-denied, so they burned jamestown to the ground

-failed

Front 64

house of burgesses

Back 64

-1st elected representative assembly

-local government of colony

-formed 1619

-in order to vote ou had to have property and to be in the house you had to have a certain amount of property and be 21

Front 65

first slaves (1619)

Back 65

-virginia becomes economically dependent on slavery after 1676

Front 66

maryland

Back 66

-founded by george calvert

-lord baltimore

-1634

-catholic, could not serve in gov. or universities in england

-established religious freedom

-1692 church of england made official church

-colony set up a slave code

-calvert died before reaching america

-majority of settlers were protestants

Front 67

south carolina

Back 67

-most settlers came from jamaica and barbados

-1710 most of the colony became slaves

Front 68

anthony ashley cooper

Back 68

.

Front 69

cherokee

Back 69

.

Front 70

yamasee war

Back 70

-1715

-yamasee traded with spanish

-indians

-slave owners armed their slaves

Front 71

religious rubric

Back 71

1. doctrine: what a church believes

2. presentation-preaching, music, worship, architecture

3. government: how churches choose their leadership

Front 72

puritans

Back 72

.

Front 73

"city on a hill" jonathan winthrop

Back 73

.

Front 74

separatist/ pilgrams

Back 74

-went to holland

Front 75

william bradford

Back 75

-leader of the pilgrims

Front 76

massachusettes bay company

Back 76

founded colony

-formed early foundation of colony government

-stock holders only could vote

-changed to males in the church

Front 77

general court

Back 77

colony's court changed to this

-legislature

-executive

-judicial

Front 78

covenant

Back 78

1. religious

a: old-moses-israel

b: new-jesus-his followers

2. social

a: a religious society based on "the common good"

Front 79

meeting house

Back 79

building built at the center of every puritan town

-met there for church

-seat of local government

-school

Front 80

harvard college

Back 80

1636

-train puritan ministers in greek and hebrew

Front 81

roger williams

Back 81

-1636: sermon thats aid that they should tell the king he made a mistake by giving them the charter without first asking remission from the indians

-puritan minister in salem

-thought it was wrong to force people to go to church

-freedom of religion

-idea to buy land from indians rather than steal

-he was banished, started colony of rhode island, went to england and received charter of it. freedom of religion

-book:"bloody tenant of persecution"

Front 82

anne hutchinson

Back 82

-1637

- masechussetes

-popular bible study

-inner light

-bannished

Front 83

connecticutt

Back 83

-1637 colonist killed by pequot indian tribe

-colony went to tribe and demanded killer, pequot war began

Front 84

pequot war

Back 84

-1637

-other colonies joined in to fight

Front 85

english civil war

Back 85

-1642-46

parliament vs king (charles I)

-king lost

-parliament decided he could stay king as long as they could run the country

-he denied and was beheaded

Front 86

james II

Back 86

-charles II's brother

-ripped up charters

-parliament dethroned him

Front 87

sir edmund andros

Back 87

new england dictator