Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1. Name the different groups and all the gram positive bugs associated with them (e.g. Group D Strep?) Why are they categorized this way?
|
Lancefield groups are categorized into Groups A through U on the basis of their C- carbohydrate, which is a polysaccharide in the cell walls of bacterias.
Group A: Sterptococcus pyogenes Group B: Stretptococcus agalactiae Group D: Stretptococcus bovis |
|
2. What is the difference between alpha and beta (in terms of hemolysis)?
|
Alpha-hemolytic causes a chemical change in the hemoblobin of red cells in blood agar, resulting in the appearance of a greem pigment that forms a ring around the colony. Beta- hemolytic causes gross lysis of red blood cells, resulting in a clear ring around the colony.
|
|
3. List all the different formulations of amphotericin?
|
Amphotericin B deoxycholate (Fungizone, Amphocin)
Amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex (Amphotec) Amphoteri B Lipid Complex (Abelcet) Amphotericin B lipsome (Ambisome) |
|
4. What are the major side effects of amphotericin?
|
Endocrine metabolic: weight loss
GI: diarrhea, loss of appetite, N/V Immunologic: complication of infusion, chills, fever, HA Other: Malaise |
|
5. Give the “general” coverage for the following: itraconazole,
|
All indicated for fungal infections
Itraconazole: Onychomycosis, Aspergillosis if refractory/intolerant to amphotericin B, blastomycosis, hostoplasmosiss -Caution: CYP 3A4 inhibitor, QT prolongation, negative inotrope, must weigh risks and benefits in pts with HF |
|
6. What bugs are covered mainly by penicillins?
|
Simple, non-resistant gram (+) and (-) bacteria, and bugs that have cell walls.
|
|
7. Are penicillins better with Strep or Staph?
|
Penicillins are the DOC for non-resistant Strep infections
|
|
8. What is the mg to unit ratio of PCN VK?
|
400,000 units: 250 mg
|
|
9. List the Antipseudomonal penicillins
|
a. Piperacillin
b. Ticarcillin c. Mezlocillin |
|
10. Do combination ‘cillin drugs cover B frag?
|
Yes, they cover anaerobes as well and the combination will enhance anaerobe stability
|
|
11. Does Unasyn and Augmentin have the same coverage?
|
Yes, Ampicillin (in Unasyn) and Amoxicillin (in Augment) have the same coverage
|
|
12. Does Zosyn cover Pseudomonas?
|
Yes, Zosyn is piperacillin and tazobactam. Piperacillin is the DOC for Pseudomonas
|
|
13. What is the cross-sensitivity between penicillin and cephalosporin?
|
Depending on which generation, there may be cross-sensitivity. It is important to monitor
|
|
14. What is the cross-sensitivity between cephalosporins and aztreonam?
|
None. Aztreonam is used for pcn/ceph allergies
|
|
15. What is the difference between coverage from 1st through 4th Cephalosporins?
|
1st: more gram (+) coverage and less gram (-) coverage
--> 4th : less gram (+) but more gram (-) coverage |
|
16. What are the Cephamycins and what do they cover?
|
Cefuroxime
Cefaclor |
|
17. Name the Antipseudomonal Cephs
|
Ceftazidime
Cefipime |
|
18. What Ceph has carnitine deficiency and what causes it?
|
Cefditoren
Cause by inherited genetics or secondary to metabolic disorders |
|
19. Do Cephs cover enterococcus?
|
no
|
|
20. Do Cephs cover Listeria?
|
No
|
|
21. Does Keflex cover H. flu?
|
No
|
|
22. Does Cefuroxime cover H. flu?
|
Usually effective clinically or >60% susceptible
|
|
23. Could we use fortaz and azactam together? Why or why not?
|
Ceftazidime and Aztreonam should not be used together because it would be considered polypharmacy since they have the same mechanism of actions and are both b-lactams
|
|
24. Which Quinolone is the best at covering gram negative bugs?
|
Ciprofloxacin
|
|
25. Which Quinolone(s) cover(s) pseudomonas the best?
|
Ciprofloxacin
|
|
Give the “general” coverage for the following: voriconazole,
|
Voriconazole: Invasive Aspergillosis, or Scedosporium, Fusifarium, Candidemia/ Candidiasis
-Caution: Anaphylactic reactions |
|
Give the “general” coverage for the following:, Fluconazole,
|
Fluconazole: Vaginal candidiasis, oropharyngeal/esophageal and systemic candidiasis. Cryptococcal meningitis
|
|
Give the “general” coverage for the following: caspofungin,
|
Caspofungin: Invasive Aspergillosis, candidal infections, Emperic for neturopenia
-Caution: No approved indications for children |
|
Give the “general” coverage for the following: ketoconazole (note- why would we use one over the other in terms of coverage)
|
Ketoconazole: Systemic fungal infections
-Caution: Hepatotoxicity |