Ichthyology Lab Practical 1

Front 1

How long have fish been around?

Back 1

500 MYA

Front 2

When did fish gave rise to land vertebrates?

Back 2

375 MYA

Front 3

Morphology

Back 3

Body structure or form of a fish.

Front 4

Ecology

Back 4

How it relates to other animals

Front 5

Phylogeny

Back 5

Where it fits in the family tree.

Front 6

Life History

Back 6

How it reproduces and lives.

Front 7

Fish use pectoral fins to____

Back 7

Move horizontally in the water column.

Front 8

Fish use pelvics for_____

Back 8

Lateral motion.

Front 9

Spines and hardened rays serve to____

Back 9

Protect fish and provide an example of covergent evolution.

Front 10

What is the function of the lateral line?

Back 10

Series of sensory organs to detect water movements.

Front 11

Functions of barbles

Back 11

Taste and tactile organs for fish that feed on the bottom.

Front 12

Function of pharyngeal teeth

Back 12

Crushing and piercing food.

Front 13

Function of the opercular bones

Back 13

Pumps water across the gill membranes.

Front 14

What are the 4 general evolutionary trends in morphology?

Back 14

Shift in position of paired fins, increase in spinyness, shape, jaw bones.

Front 15

Morphometrics

Back 15

Measurements of various body parts.
- quantitative morphological characters

Front 16

Meristics

Back 16

Counts of segmented body parts
- quantitative morphological characters

Front 17

Tail types (ancestral to most derived)?

Back 17

Heterocercal, abbreviate heterocercal, homocercal.

Front 18

Types of scales

Back 18

Placoid, ganoid, cycloid, ctenoid.

Front 19

Type of muscle in the gut

Back 19

Smooth muscle

Front 20

Type of muscle in the heart

Back 20

Cardiac muscle

Front 21

Function of gill filaments

Back 21

Oxygen in the water is transferred across the thin gill membranes to the blood.

Front 22

No pneumatic duct

Back 22

Physostomous

Front 23

Have pneumatic duct

Back 23

Physoclistous

Front 24

Function of conus arteriosus

Back 24

One-way valve that prevents backflow between contracions

Front 25

Function of sinus venosus

Back 25

Accepts blood from the main veins

Front 26

Function of the liver

Back 26

Store glycogen and secrete bile which aids in digestion of fats.

Front 27

Function of the gall bladder

Back 27

Stores bile

Front 28

Function of the spleen

Back 28

Produces and maintains red blood cells

Front 29

Function of urogenital opening

Back 29

Waste and reproductive products exit through this opening.

Front 30

Largest otolith in the ear

Back 30

Sagitta

Front 31

What % of fish larvae are described?

Back 31

15%

Front 32

Does the heart function before hatching in a larva?

Back 32

Yes

Front 33

Which stage develops spines?

Back 33

Juvenile

Front 34

% and average feet above sea level of Montane Reserviors

Back 34

42%
7,000-10,000 feet

Front 35

% and average feet above sea level of Natural Lakes

Back 35

96%
1,200 lakes
9,000 feet

Front 36

% and average feet above sea level of Foothill Reservoirs

Back 36

8%
6,000-7,000 feet

Front 37

% and average feet above sea level of Plains Reservoirs

Back 37

50%
4,000-6,000 feet

Front 38

Watershed

Back 38

Region or area bounded peripherally by parting and draining ultimately into a particular water course.

Front 39

Riparian Areas

Back 39

Lands adjacent to streams that are characterized by the presence of, or potential to have, hydrophytic vegetation. Soils are saturated with ground water.

Front 40

Unidirectional Flow

Back 40

Effects nutrient morphology and habitat structure.

Front 41

3 types of geomorphology

Back 41

Latitudinal, longitudinal, vertical

Front 42

Adaptations to flow

Back 42

Modify pectoral fins to get close to substrate - slower current, tadpole suction to rock, deep body for stability, nucal hump

Front 43

Dam operations cause____

Back 43

day to day variability, loose seasonal predictability, strong peak flows

Front 44

What type of sediment do high mountain plains have?

Back 44

small sediment because low flow doesn't carry sediment away.

Front 45

Lotic
Main physical process: ______
Energy source: _______
Main primary producers: _____
Factors limiting productivity: ____

Back 45

Flow
Heterotrophic
Periphyton
Light

Front 46

Lentic
Main physical process: ______
Energy source: _______
Main primary producers: _____
Factors limiting productivity: ____

Back 46

Thermal stratification
Autotrophic
Phytoplankton and Macrophytes
Nutrients, CO2 (light)