Ib Music Exam Terms Rhs

Front 1

a musical sound defined by it's pitch and duration. it is represented by a musical symbol called a now

Back 1

tone

Front 2

highness or lowness of a sound measured by frequency; relates to melody

Back 2

pitch

Front 3

depends on the time that the vibration continues and relates to the music's movement through time or rhythm

Back 3

duration

Front 4

a coherent succession of single pitches hat are perceived in relation to each other.

Back 4

melody

Front 5

the distance between two different pitches

Back 5

interval

Front 6

the distance between a melody's highest and lowest tones

Back 6

range

Front 7

the direction a melody takes as it turns upward or downward or remains static

Back 7

shape

Front 8

melodies that move principally by small intervals in a joined connected matter

Back 8

conjunct

Front 9

melodies that move in disjoined or disconnected intervals

Back 9

disjunct

Front 10

denotes a unit of meaning within a larger structure. ends in a cadence

Back 10

phrase

Front 11

where a phrase ends; inconclusive cadence-makes the listener more is coming. it may sound final leaving the listener to think it's over. the singer stops to draw a breathe

Back 11

cadence

Front 12

the high point in a melodic line which usually represents a peak in intensity as well as in range

Back 12

climax

Front 13

the added tone to music when several simultaneous melodies are over one another and it is of relative importance. literally means against a melody

Back 13

countermelody

Front 14

organizes movement in time. refers to the length or duration of individual notes. moves the music forward

Back 14

rhythm

Front 15

basic unit used to measure time.

Back 15

beat

Front 16

a strong beat which are usually heard at regular intervals ie every other beat, down beat etc

Back 16

accented beat

Front 17

patterns into which rhythmic pules are organized and is marked off as a measure. has a fixed number of beats comes later in music-late 1800s or early 1900s

Back 17

meter

Front 18

the first accented beat of each pattern. refers to the downward stroke of the conductors hand

Back 18

downbeat

Front 19

a strong downbeat alternates witha weak beat ie ONE-two-ONE-two or ONE-two-THREE-four

Back 19

duple meter

Front 20

a strong downbeat alternates with two weak beats ie ONE-two-three-ONE-two-three.

Back 20

triple meter

Front 21

common time. contains four beats to the measure with a primary accent on the first beat and a secondary accent on the third beat

Back 21

quadruple meter

Front 22

when duple, triple, and quadruple meters subdivide the beat into two or four they are called this

Back 22

simple meter

Front 23

beat that is divided into three.

Back 23

compound meter

Front 24

six beats to a measure

Back 24

sextuple meter

Front 25

a deliberate upsetting of the normal pattern of accentuation

Back 25

syncopation

Front 26

a simultaneous use of rhythmic patterns that conflict with the under lying beat, such as 'two against three' or 'three against four' ie african, jazz, rock

Back 26

polyrhythms

Front 27

grouping of irregular numbers of beats that add up to a larger overall pattern

Back 27

additive meter

Front 28

music that moves without any strong sense of beat or meter

Back 28

non-metric

Front 29

describes the movement and relationship of intervals and chords. moves the music along. creates a feeling of unity or order. usually complement the melody

Back 29

harmony

Front 30

when three or more tones are sounded together

Back 30

chord

Front 31

collection of pitches arranged in ascending or descending order

Back 31

scale

Front 32

a chord built on any step or degree of the scale by combining every other note ie 1,3,5 or 2,4,6

Back 32

triad

Front 33

a central ton. the first ton of a scale

Back 33

tonic

Front 34

two different types of scales which are commonly found in western music. characterized by intervals

Back 34

major/minor scales

Front 35

describes melodies or harmonies that are build from the tones of a major of minor scale

Back 35

diatonic

Front 36

describes the full gamut of notes available in the octave. means color

Back 36

chromatic

Front 37

a combination of tones that sounds discordant, unstable, in need of resolution; introduces tension, sounds wrong and is 'fixed' with resolution

Back 37

dissonance

Front 38

an agreeable combination of musical tones that provides a sense of relaxation and fulfillment where the dissonance finds it's resolution

Back 38

consonance

Front 39

when harmony takes the subsidiary role of a single sustained tone against which melodic and rhythmic complexities unfold

Back 39

drone

Front 40

an element of music where the melodic lines are the thread. ie interweaving of melody and harmony

Back 40

texture

Front 41

the simplest texture. single voice, melody is heard without any harmonic accompaniment or other melodic lines

Back 41

monophony

Front 42

a type of texture. two or more voices simultaneously elaborating the same melody usually in a improvised performance

Back 42

heterophony

Front 43

music which is created on the spot

Back 43

improvisation

Front 44

a type of texture. many voices two or more different melodic lines are combined thus distributing melodic interest among all the parts

Back 44

polyphony

Front 45

note against note. on musical line set against another. art of combining two or more simultaneous melodic lines usually with rules defined in a particular era. common of the baroque era

Back 45

counterpoint

Front 46

a type of texture. single voice takes over the melodic interest while the accompanying parts take a subordinate role. the parts becoming block of harmony. the listeners interest is directed tot he single melodic line but is conceived in relation to a harmonic background

Back 46

homophony

Front 47

a type of texture. all voice or lines move in the same rhythm in a note against note style. based on harmony moving in synchronization with a melody

Back 47

homorhythmic

Front 48

the most popular type of canon which is when each voice enters in succession with the same melody and can be repeated endlessly.

Back 48

round

Front 49

refers to a statement of the melody backward beginning with it's last note and proceeding to it's first

Back 49

retrograde

Front 50

a technique that turns the melody upside down. it follows the same interval, but in the opposite direction

Back 50

inversion

Front 51

retrograde combined with inversion. the melody is turned upside down and backward

Back 51

retrograde inversion

Front 52

opposite of diminution. the melody is presented in longer time values. often twice as slow as the original

Back 52

augmentation

Front 53

opposite of augmentation. the melody is presented in short time values. this dimensions the time it take to be played

Back 53

diminution

Front 54

an impression of conscious choice and rational arrangement. a work's structure of shape, the way elements of a composition have been combined or balanced to make it understandable to the listener. organizing principle in music

Back 54

form

Front 55

contours of musical form, unity and variety. this fixes the material in our mind and satisfies our need for the familiar

Back 55

repetition

Front 56

simulates our interest and fees our love for change

Back 56

contrast

Front 57

falls between repetition and contrast. some aspects of the music are altered but the original is still recognizable

Back 57

variation

Front 58

two part. based on a statement and a departure with no return to the opening section. A-B.

Back 58

binary form

Front 59

three part. extends the idea of statement and departure by bringing back the first section. A-B-A.

Back 59

ternary form

Front 60

melodic idea is a building block in the construction of a musical work. first in a musical event series

Back 60

theme

Front 61

the most tight knit kind of expansion in music elaborating or varying a musical idea revealing it's capacity for growth.

Back 61

thematic development

Front 62

the simplest process of development repetition. may either be exact or varied or the idea may be restated at a higher or lower pitch level.

Back 62

sequence