Ib H4 Functions Of The Liver

Front 1

What is the function of the hepatic artery?

Back 1

oxygen-rich blood to the liver from the heart

Front 2

What is the function of the hepatic vein?

Back 2

oxygen-poor blood leaves the liver through this vessel

Front 3

What is the function of the hepatic portal vein?

Back 3

carries nutrient-rich, oxygen-poor blood from the stomach and small intestine to the liver

Front 4

What is the function of the sinusoids in the liver?

Back 4

Blood vessel that carries blood in the lobules of the liver; many structural features to make it effective at allowing the blood to interact with the surrounding liver cells

Front 5

What is the difference betweer sinusoids and capillaries?

Back 5

Sinusoids (in liver lobules) are like capillaries in that they have a single layer of cells. However, they have no basement membrane, are wider than capillaries , and have larger gaps between the cells. This allows the blood to come into close contact with the surrounding hepatocytes. Kupffer cells can destroy foreign materials like bacteria.

Front 6

Describe the process of bile secretion

Back 6

Bile is produced in liver by hepatic cells/hepatocytes and secreted into released into ducts called canaliculi. Bile contains bicarbonate ions, bile salts,and bile pigments. Bile production is stimulated by secretin. The bile flows into hepatic / bile common duct to the gall bladder, where it is stored. Then bile travels down common / bile duct and enters duodenum/small intestine. The release of bile from the gall bladder is triggered by cholocystokinin.

Front 7

Which organ makes cholesterol?

Back 7

liver

Front 8

Which organ makes plasma proteins?

Back 8

liver

Front 9

Which organ has a role in detoxification?

Back 9

liver

Front 10

What are the 6 functions of the liver?

Back 10

1. Secrete bile 2. Regulate levels of nutrients 3. Storage of nutrients 4. Breakdown erythrocytes and hemoglobin 5. Synthesis of plasma proteins and cholesterol 6. Detoxification

Front 11

Outline the role of the liver in the storage of nutrients

Back 11

Hepatocytes store certain nutrients when they are in excess and release them when they are at too low a level. This is an important factor in maintaining homeostasis. When blood glucose levels are high, insulin stimulates hepatocytes convert carbohydrates (glucose) to glycogen and store it in the liver. When blood glucose levels are low, glucagon stimulates the liver to break it down. Stores lipid-soluble vitamins: A (retinol), D (calciferol), E and K. Also stores other vitamins (cyanocobalamin), folic acid, and 12 B. Stores iron (attached to a protein called transferrin which binds iron tightly but reversibly). Stores potassium and several trace elements as ions

Front 12

Describe the process of erythrocyte and hemaglobin breakdown in the liver.

Back 12

Erythrocytes last three to four months; at the end of their life span they become fragile and rupture. The erythrocytes are broken down by the liver Some are broken down by the spleen (hemoglobin is release into plasma and is take into liver cells by phagocytosis). Within the liver, the erythrocytes are phagocytosed /destroyed by Kupffer cells. Haem (heme) group is converted to bilirubin (a yellow pigment), which is excreted, and iron, which is stored and recycled. Bilirubin becomes part of the bile and is converted by bacteria to make a pigment that gives the feces its color. Globin / protein is recycled as amino acids. Amino acids may be deaminated to ammonia and carbohydrate. Ammonia is excreted (as urea) and the carbohydrate is respired.

Front 13

What is the role of the liver in regulating the level of nutrients in the blood?

Back 13

When blood glucose levels are high, insulin stimulates hepatocytes convert carbohydrates (glucose) to glycogen and store it in the liver. When glucagon levels are high, the liver breaks down the stored glycogen and converts it to glucose.

Front 14

Explain the liver damage caused by excessive alcohol consumption

Back 14

1. Fatty liver—fat deposits/cells build up in the liver, which can cause abdominal pain 2. Alcoholic hepatitis—inflammation of the liver. Results in nausea, vomiting, jaundice, abdominal pain, and fever. Over time (if a person is drinking regularly), this inflammation will cause progressive liver damage. (This may be reversible if the person stops drinking) In some cases after binge drinking, a severe form is possible that can quickly be life-threatening. 3. Alcoholic cirrhosis—Damage to liver in which liver cells die and are not replaced and then scar tissue forms in the liver. Initial symptoms are similar to alcoholic hepatitis. Liver function deteriorates and can lead to death due to liver failure. This process is not reversible, but if a person stops drinking they can avoid additional damage.

Front 15

Under what circumstances would moderate alcohol consumption (1-2 drinks in a day) be dangerous?

Back 15

if alcohol is drunk in combination with acetaminophin (like Tylenol), if a person has hepatitis or another liver disease, allergic to alcohol, etc.