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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Core and Periphery |
The concept of a developed core surrounded by an undevelopedperiphery. The concept can be applied at various scales. |
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Ecological footprint |
The theoretical measurement of the amount of land and water a population requires to produce the resources it consumes and absorb the waste under prevailing technology. |
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Global Climate Change |
The changes in global patterns of rainfall and temperature, sea level, habitats and the incidences of droughts, floods and storms, resulting from changes int the Earth's atmosphere, believed to be mainly caused by the enhanced greenhouse effect. |
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GNI |
Gross National Income (now used in preference to Gross National Product - GNP). The total value of goods and services produced in a country together with the balance of income and payments from or to other countries. |
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Migration |
The movement of people, involving a change of residence. It can be internal or external (international) and voluntary or forced. It does not include temporary circulations such as commuting or tourism. |
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Remittances |
Transfers of money/goods by foreign workers to their home countries. |
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Soil degradation |
A severe reduction in the quality of soils. The term includes soil erosion, salinization and soil exhaustion (loss of fertility). |
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Physical Water Scarcity |
Water resource development is approaching or has exceeded unsustainable levels; it relates water availability to water demand and implies that arid areas are not necessarily water scarce. |
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Economic water Scarcity |
Water is available locally, but is not accessible due to human, institutional or financial capital reasons. |
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Carrying capacity |
The maximum number of visitors/participants that a site/event can satisfy at one time. It is customary to distinguish between Environmental Carrying Capacity (the maximum number before the local environment is damaged) and Perceptual Carrying Capacity (the maximum number a specific group of visitors consider the level of impact, such as noise, to be excessive). For example, young mountain bikers may be more crowd-tolerant than elderly walkers. |
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Environmental Carrying Capacity |
The maximum number of visitors/people a site/event can satisfy at one time before the local environment is damaged. |
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Perceptual Carrying Capacity |
The maximum number of people/visitors a site/event can satisfy before a specific group of visitors consider the level of impact, such as noise, to be excessive. For example, young mountain bikers may be more crowd-tolerant than elderly walkers. |
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Leisure |
Any freely chosen activity or experience that takes place in non-work time. |
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Primary tourist/recreational resources |
Any pre-existing attractions for tourism or recreation (that is, those not built specifically for that purpose), including climate, scenery, wildlife, indigenous people, cultural and heritage sites. these are distinguished from secondary tourist/recreational resources which include accommodation, catering, entertainment and shopping. |
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Secondary tourist/recreational resource |
Any attraction built specifically for tourism or recreation. These include accommodation, catering, entertainment, and shopping. |
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Recreation |
A leisure time activity undertaken voluntarily and for enjoyment. It includes individual pursuits, organized outings and events, and non-paid (non-professional) sports. |
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Resort
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A settlement where the primary function is tourism. This includes a hotel complex. |
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Sport |
A physical activity involving a set of rules and customs. The activity may be competitive. |
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Tourism |
Travel away from home for at least one night for the purpose of leisure. Note that this definition excludes day-trippers. there are many possible subdivisions of tourism. Sub-groups include: Ecotourism - Tourism focusing on the natural environment and local communities. Heritage tourism - Tourism based on a historic legacy (landscape feature, historic building or event) as its major attraction. Sustainable tourism - Tourism that conserves primary tourist resources and supports the livelihoods and culture of local people. |
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Ecotourism |
Travel away from home for at least one night for the purpose of leisure, mainly focused on the natural environment and local communities. Note that this definition excludes day-trippers. |
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Heritage tourism |
Travel away from home for at least one night for the purpose of leisure, based on a historic legacy (landscape feature, historic building, or event) as its major attraction. Note that this definition excludes day-trippers. |
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Sustainable tourism |
Travel away from home for at least one night for the purpose of leisure, conserving primary tourist resources and the livelihoods and culture of local people. Note that this definition excludes day-trippers. |
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Food miles |
A measure of the distance that food travels from its source to the consumer. This can be given either in units of actual distance or of energy consumed during transport. |
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HALE |
Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy, based on life expectancy at birth but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health (due to disease and/or injury). It is equivalent to the number of years in full health a newborn can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality. |
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Transnational Corporation (TNC) |
A firm the owns or controls productive operations in more than one country through foreign direct investment. |
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Environmental Sustainability |
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs |
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Outline political factors of Namibia's Community Conservancy Program |
1. Government's willing allocation of land - 120 km2 - 14% of country’s area - Rare species such as Black Rhino and Springbok (attractive eco-tourist hotspot) 2. Formation of Namibian Association of CBNRM support organizations - Each has specific role (e.g. research, legal advice - Result in specialized, yet wide array of support 3. Lack of policy enforcement (2008) - 13 out of 45 officially gazette - 30% of forests have official guard and patrol teams |
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Outline economic factors of Namibia's Community Conservancy Program |
1. Shift in income source over the years - 100% income from outside conservatory first two years - Multi-Disciplinary Research Centre provided locals with improved skillsets and therefore higher income - Causing 60% of income generated within conservatory 7 years later (2005) 2. Program has a high reliance on foreign investors - 40.2% income generated by joint venture tourism |
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Outline social factors of Namibia's Community Conservancy Program |
Difficult to change tradition and local culture - Traditional farmers practise shifting cultivation - Some changed jobs to trophy hunting and tour guides - But some still do not |
