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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is normal distribution? |
A bell shaped distribution with the mean in the middle and standard deviation is used to assess how far the data is spread beyond the mean
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What is the t-Test?
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The t-Test is used to find out whether there is a significant difference between the means of two populations
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What do all cells consist of?
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A cytoplasm enclosed in a plasma membrane
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What are the four different aspects of a human cheek cell? |
Nucleus, Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, and Plasma Membrane
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What are the five different aspects of a Moss Leaf Cell?
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Cell Wall, Plasma Membrane, Vacuole Membrane, Nucleus, and Chloroplasts
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What are unicellular organisms?
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Cells that have only one cell and that cell has to carry out all of the functions of life; metabolic reactions, response, homeostasis, growth, reproduction and nutrition
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What are multicellular organisms?
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Organisms that consist of many cells with specific cells attributed to carry out specific functions
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What are the three rules of Cell Theory?
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1) All living organisms are composed of cells
2) Cells are the smallest unit of life 3) All cells come from pre-existing cells |
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What is differentiation?
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Cells in a multicellular organism develop in different ways and can therefore carry out different functions (like specialization)
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What does Heart Muscle Tissue look like?
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All heart muscles contain structures made from protein fibres that are used to contract the cell and help pump blood within the heart
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What is normal distribution?
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A bell shaped distribution with the mean in the middle and standard deviation is used to assess how far the data is spread beyond the mean
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What is the t-Test?
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The t-Test is used to find out whether there is a significant difference between the means of two populations
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What do all cells consist of?
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A cytoplasm enclosed in a plasma membrane
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What are the four different aspects of a human cheek cell?
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Nucleus, Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, and Plasma Membrane
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What are the five different aspects of a Moss Leaf Cell?
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Cell Wall, Plasma Membrane, Vacuole Membrane, Nucleus, and Chloroplasts
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What are prokaryotic cells and how do they divide?
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They are cells without a nucleus and divide via binary fission
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What are the seven different parts of a prokaryotic cell?
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Cell Wall, Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm, Pili, Flagella, Ribosomes and Nucleoid
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What are the seven different parts of a Eukaryotic cell?
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Nucleus, Mitochondrion, Lysosome, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, Free Ribosomes, Plasma Membrane, and the Golgi Apparatus
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How is genetic material stored, and where is it stored in eukaryotic vs prokaryotic cells?
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In Prokaryotic cells the DNA is in the form of a naked loop stored in the cytoplasm in the nucleoid, where as in Eukaryotic cells it is in chromosomes in the nucleus
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Compare the presence of mitochondria, ribosomes, and internal membranes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells |
In Prokaryotic cells there is no mitochondria, small ribosomes (70s) and few or no internal membranes.
In Eukaryotic cells there is always a mitochondria, larger ribosomes (80s) and many internal membranes |
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What are the differences between animal and plant cells
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Animal cells have only a plasma membrane, glycogen is used as a storage compound, and the cell is able to change shape (usually rounded).
Plant cells have a cell wall and membrane, chloroplasts, starch is used for storage, large vacuoles are present, and it has a fixed shape. |
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What are phospholipids?
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Molecules that are partly hydrophilic and partly hydrophobic
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How do membranes change shape?
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Because there are phospholipids in the membrane and it is in a fluid state, the membrane is able to shift
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What are some key functions of membrane proteins?
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To allow materials to enter and exit the cell via diffusion or active transport.
There are hormone binding sites, enzyme active sites, electron carriers, channels, and pumps |
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Define diffusion
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The passive movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, as a result of the random motion of particles
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Discuss simple and facilitated diffusion
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Membranes allow some substances to diffuse through but not others-partially permeable
Simple diffusion is when the substances are able to move between the phospholipid molecules Facilitated diffusion is when the larger substances have to move through channel proteins |
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Define Osmosis
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The passive movement of water molecules from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration, across a permeable membrane
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What is Active Transport?
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It is the movement of substances across membranes using energy from ATP (often against the concentration gradient). Pumps work in a specific direction
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List the process of active transport
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The particle enters the pump from the side of lower concentration
The particle binds to a specific site which other particles cannot Energy from ATP is used to change the shape of the pump The particle is released on the side with higher concentration |
