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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
T/F when flexing your elbow the biceps are the agonist and the triceps are the antagonist.
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True
Agonist-primary mover Antagonist-opposing/counteracting on the agonist |
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the simultaneous firing of agonist and antagonist muscles around a joint is called ______
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Co-contraction (isometric contraction)
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Results in muscular stability of a joint, controlled by the n-m system, controls stiffness of a joint, limits degrees of freedom
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co-contraction
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active graded control b/w agonist and antagonist activity around a joint (best for movement)
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co-activation
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the constantly changing relationship of muscle firing b/w agonist and antagonist during movement
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graded movement
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group of muscles working together to produce a desired effect or perform a posture or movement to meet a functional demand or goal
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synergies
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gravity, manual contact, and the environment are what type of factors that influence synergies
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extrinsic
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T/F? tone and ROM are examples of intrinsic factors that influence synergies
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True
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T/F? Co-activation is used to limit degrees of freedom.
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False, co-contraction
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The number of planes a joint or limb has to control
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degrees of freedom
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State of hyperactive stretch reflexes
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spasticity
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velocity dependent resistance to stretch and is not a state of motor unit activation
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spasticity
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Spastic muscles are tested for strength by?
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performing functional activities, not through MMT.
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state of excessive resistance to passive muscle elongation
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hypertonia
describes K(stiffness in muscles) |
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Stiffness is a relationship of ___+ ____
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force + length
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State of muscle activation (peripheral + mechanical); also defined in muscle as the ratio of change in torque to the change in joint angle or muscle length
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stiffness
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A permanent but not unchanging neurodevelopmental disorder caused by nonprogressive defect or lesion in a single or multiple location in an IMMATURE brain.
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Cerebral Palsy
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When can CP lesion occur?
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in utero or shortly after birth
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Classifications (body parts)
one limb : lower limbs: upper and lower limbs on 1 side of body: all limbs: 3 limbs, both lowers and 1 upper: all limbs with trunk or neck: |
monoplegia
diplegia hemiplegia quadraplegia triplegia Tetraplegia |
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Identify associated lesion location with type of CP
1. Spastic CP: 2. Dyskinetic or athetosis CP: 3. Ataxic CP: |
1. motor cortex or white matter
2. basal ganglia 3. cerebellum |
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intermittent muscular tension in the limbs and trunk associated with involuntary movement is ____ CP
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Dyskinetic or athetosis
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general instability of movement is associated with what term
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ataxia
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CP in full term children may be caused by ?
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interuterine pressure
inflammation or infection decreased brain profusion 50% of CP cases are full term |
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CP in premature children may be caused by?
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prenatal malnutrition
poor prenatal condition of mom intracranial hemmorhage 33% of CP cases occur premature |
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Name some ways to reduce the incidence of CP?
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improving prenatal health of at risk mothers
maternal education prevention of asphyxia medical tx of children with low apgar scores prevention of premature delivery increase c-sections |
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How is CP diagnosed?
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when child does not reach motor milestones and exhibits abnormal muscle tone or asymmetries.
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Around what age is CP usually diagnosed?
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2-3 years old, before that they are just"developmentally delayed"
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muscular and skeletal system impairments are what type of impairments?
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single system
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Name some examples of single system impairments.
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insufficient force generation (strength)
Spasticity Hypo-extensibility |
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mechanical shortening of a muscle system; contracture, results in lower maximal force production
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Hypo -extensibility
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impairments expressed in the neuromuscular system
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multisystem impairments
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Name some examples of multisystem impairments with CP
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poor selective control of muscle activity
poor anticipatory regulation decreased ability to learn unique movements |
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Adults with CP have higher rates of ...
1. 2. 3. |
breast cancer mortality
accidental death respiratory, circulatory, and digestive disease |
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Goals for clients with CP should focus on
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the promotion of participation by maximizing the gross motor activity allowed by the organic deficits and helping the client compensate for activity limitations when necessary
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Achieving goals with the CP client require
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maintenence of MS integrity
preventing 2ndry impairements and deformities enhancing optimal postures promoting optimal independence |
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3 skills needed to treat a child with CP
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understand impairments, functional limitations, and disabilities
predict outcomes develop treatment strategies |
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vision impairment is common with CP, T/F?
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True
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T/F? Spasticity is often not changed by PT, but voluntary cocontraction can be changed.
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True
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_______ is reflexive, sensory inititated type of abnormal tone
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spasticity
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exessive resistance to movement from both reflexive and non reflexive elements
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Hypertonia
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