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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Four Classes of Hypersensitivity Diseases
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Immediate
Antibody Mediated Immune Complex Mediated T-Cell Mediated |
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Mechanism of Immediate Hypersensitivity
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antigen induces IgE/Th2
IgE binds Fc on mast cells and is cross-linked by antigen, then mast cell degranulation |
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Mast Cell Mediators
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vasoactive amines, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, proteases, cytokines
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Three classes of immediate hypersensitivity therapy
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1) Inhibit Mast cell degranulation
2) Antagonize effects of mast cell mediators (antihistamines) 3) Reduce inflammation (corticosteroids) |
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Mechanism Antibody Mediated Diseases
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failure of self-tolerance
antibodies vs. self antigens cross reactive antibodies against microbial antigens |
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Example of Antibody Mediated Disease
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Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
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Mechanism of Immune Complex Mediated Disease
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Antigen/Antibody complexes deposit in joints, vessels, kidney glomeruli
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Examples of Immune Complex Diseases
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Lupus, AGN
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Mechanism of T-Cell Mediated Disease
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CD4 Mediated - Delayed Type Hypersensitivity
CD8 Mediated - Host Cell Lysis |
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Example of T-Cell Mediated Disease
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TB Granuloma formation
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Target Antigen in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
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RBC membrane proteins (Rh, I Antigen), leads to opsonization and phagocytosis of RBC
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Target Antigen in Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
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Platelet membrane proteins (gpIIb/IIIa); opsonization and phagocytosis of platelets, causes bleeding
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Target Antigen in Pemphigus Vulgaris
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Epidermal junction proteins: Ab mediated activation of proteases, causes bullae
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Target Antigen in Goodpasture's Syndrome
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Anti-GBM, basement membrane, in glomeruli and lung alveoli
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Target Antigen in Acute Rheumatic Fever
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Strep cell wall antigen, cross reacts with mycardial antigen, causes mycarditis/arthritis
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Target Antigen in Myasthenia Gravis
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acetycholine receptor, inhibits Ach binding, leads to muscle weakness/paralysis
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Target Antigen in Grave's Disease
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TSH Receptor, antibody mediated stimulation of TSH receptor, causes hyperthyroidism
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Target Antigen in Pernicious Anemia
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Ab neutralize intrinsic factor of gastric parietal cells, decreased B12 absorption, leads to abnl erythropoeiesis and anemia
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Primary Mediators of Type I reactions
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Histamine, proteases, chemokines, heparin
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Secondary mediators of Type I reactions
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PAF, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, bradykinins, other cytokines
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