Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
blowing murmur
|
blood flowing wrong way across valve
|
|
harsh murmur
|
blood hitting tissue such as a stenotic valve
|
|
aortic murmur
|
best heard at 2nd right intercostal space
|
|
Mitral Murmurs
|
best heard at apex of the heart and often refer to left axilla.
|
|
aortic stenosis
|
harsh systolic murmur due to age or congenital bicuspid valve
|
|
aortic regurgitation
|
blowing diastolic murmur due to leutic anyerism, chronic HTN, dissecting aortic aneurysm, ankylosing spondylitits
|
|
Mitral Stenosis
|
harsh diastolic murmur due to Rheumatic heart disease
|
|
Mitral Regurgitaiton
|
blowing systolic due to advanced mitral prolapse, rheumatic heart dz, damage from infection endocarditis, papillary muscle rupture secondary to MI or CHF
|
|
Mitral Valve Prolapse
|
midsystolic click
common in Marfans, Ehlors Danlos, and Fragile X (CGG), flat back females |
|
Acyanotic congenital heart defects
|
1-VDS
2-ASD 3-PDA |
|
Cyanotic congenital heart defects
|
1-Tet of Fallot
2-Transposition of great vessels 3-Persistant truncus arteriosis 4-Eisenmenger's Syndrome |
|
Obstructive congenital heart defects
|
coarctation of aorta
|
|
VSD
|
acyanotic-hole in the vent
|
|
ASD
|
acyanotic-atrial septal defect
2 types: ostium primum-defect next to AV valve ostium secundum-90% of ASD's-defect is comprised of a fenestrated ovale fossa |
|
PDA
|
patent blood vessel that connect from the pulmonary artery to the aorta
|
|
Tetraology of Fallot
|
Cyanotic
"PROV" pulmonic stenosis Right vent hypertrophy Overriding aorta VSD |
|
Transposition of Great Vessels
|
aorta connects to right vent and pulmonary connects to left vent
|
|
Persistant Truncus Arteriosis
|
great vessels aren't separated
|
|
Eisenmenger's Syndrome
|
reversal of a L-R shunt (such as VSD) to a R-L shunt, secondary to the developement of pulmonart HTN
|
|
coarctation of aorta
|
circumferential narrowing of blood vessel
infant-preductal adult-postductal |
|
Stable angina
|
decreased cardiac profusion with increased demand
"exercise induced" due to persistant but unchanged atherosclerotic plaque |
|
Unstable Angina
|
disruption of plaque followed by formation of superimposing thrombosis with potential embolism
pain is spontaneous |
|
Prinzmetal's Angina
|
coronary artery spasm
pain is spontaneous |
|
MI
|
disruption of plaque followed by formation of superimposing thrombosis with potential embolism that persists long enough to casue INFARCTION (death) of cardiac cells
chest pain sponstanous |
|
2 types of MI
|
1-subendocardial-NSTEMI-inner 1/2-1/3 of wall infarcted, non Q wave
2-transmural-STEMI-Q wave- whole wall infarcted |
|
left sided heart failure
|
Chronic HTN, MI, Valve pathology
results:pulmonary edema fluid overload signs: dyspnea, orthopnea, fatigue |
|
Right sided heart failure
|
Left sided heart failure, Pul HTN, Lung pathology
results: peripheral edema & nutmeg liver Signs: ankle edema, jugular venous distention |
|
Infective endocarditis
|
1-Acute
2-Subacute |
|
Acute Infective Endocarditis
|
NO prior valve path
casued by 1-Staph aureus 2-Steptococcus spp. acute onset fever and chills high death rate IV drug users and Diabetics |
|
Subacute Infective Endocarditis
|
PRIOR valve path
casues by: mouth of GI organisms 1-Strep viridans-mouth 2-E. Coli-bowel |
|
Non infective endocarditis
|
1-Acute Rheumatic Fever
2-Marantic 3-Libman Sacks |
|
Acute Rheumatic Fever
|
antibody attack on heart following Strep Pyogenese
pancarditis SEVERE mitral valve damage = rheumatic heart dz |
|
Marantic Endocarditis
|
thrombi dev in endocardium
high risk in those with severe or chronic illness, esp adenocarcinoma (colon cancer, lung) |
|
Libman Sacks Endocarditis
|
SLE pts ONLY
HUGE vegetations comprised of antigen antibody complexed form on valve=severe valve damage |
|
Fibrinous Pericarditis
|
#1 type in the world
due to 1-transmural MI 2-Dresslers Syndrome |
|
Serous Pericarditis
|
#1 type in US
Due to 1-coxsackie B 2-uermia 3-acute rheumatic fever 4-scleroderma 5-rheumatic heart dz 6- SLE |
|
Suppurtive Pericarditis
|
direct invasion by organism into the pericardium
ususuall- strep pneumo or Staph Aureus |
|
Acute Rheumatic Fever
|
Type II hypersensitivity with molecular mimicry. Long term tissue damanged sustained from immune attack
3-4 weeks following Strep Pyogenese infection histologically characterized by Aschoff Body |
|
Obstructive Lung Dz
|
increased restriction to airflow during forced experation; air is obstructed from having a good exit
FEV-low TLC-high FEV/FVC-low management: 1-beta agonist(albuterol) 2-anticholinergics (ipratropium) 3-oxygen 2 classes: 1-COPD 2-Asthma |
|
COPD 3 types
|
1-Pulmonary emphysema
2-Chronic Bronchitis 3-Bronchiectasis |
|
Pulmonary emphysema-"pink puffers"
|
enlargment of the airspaces distal to the terminal non respiratory bronchioles with destruction of alveolar walls
2 types- 1-panacinar-scattered through out lobule-alpha a-1 antitrypsin def 2-centrilobular-cener of the lobule-smokers decreased lung sounds on auscultation |
|
Chronic bronchitits-"blue bloaters"q
|
prolonged exposure to bronchial irritants with mucus hypersecretions and bronchial structural change
symptoms must be at least 3 months for 2 consecutive years ronchi on auscultation |
|
Bronchiectasis
|
irreverisble, focal broncial dilation, usually accompanied by infection
acquired usually 1-Kartanger Syndrome 2-Cystic Fibrosis |
|
Asthma
|
IgE mediated airway obstruction, airway inflammation, and increased airway responsiveness to stiumuli occur
4 types 1-intrinsic-URI or stress 2-extrinsic-#1 form, type I hypersentivity IgE 3-exercise induced 4-Drug induced-sulfas, beta blockers, NSAIDS |
|
Restrictive Lung Dz
|
lung is restricted from taking in adequate amount of air; lung is small an don adequately expandable
FEV-ok or low TLC-low FEV/FVC - normal or low |
|
Sarcoidosis
|
Restrictive lung dz
unknown cause non-caseaing granulomas replaced by fibrous scar dyspnea, cough, night sweats bilateral hilar adenopathy & maybe Panda sign BLACKS |
|
Adult ARDS
|
diffuse injurt to endothelium of lung (sepsis, chest trauma, aspiration of gastric contents, heroin)
1-pulmonary edema 2-respiratory distress 3-hypoxemia |
|
Neonatal ARDS
|
insufficient sufactant as a result of immaturity
when lecithin/spingomyelin ration is <2.0 |
|
Pneumoconiosis
|
habitual inhalation of NON DEGRADABLE irritants such as mineral or metalic particles
1-asbestosis 2-anthracosis 3-berylliosis 4-silicosis |
|
Asbestosis
|
chronic inhalation of asbestos
characterized: ferringinous bodyies that are dumbbell shape increased risk for : squamous cell cancer or lung and malignancy mesothelioma |
|
Anthracosis
|
Coal Miners from inhaling Coal dust
results in Black lung dz - upper lung lobes |
|
Berylliosis
|
inhalation of beryllium form high tech electronics
lower lung lobes |
|
Silicosis
|
inhalation of quartz form sand blasting or granite cutting
INCREASE RISK FOR TB Upper lobes affected |
|
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
-extrinsic allergic alvelolitis |
repeated inhalation of allergens that casue inflammatory response and fibrosis
1-Farmers Lung 2-Bird Fancier 3-Tobacco Workers 4-Bagassosis |
|
Farmers Lung
|
thermophillic actinomycets from moldy hay
|
|
Bird Fanciers
|
inhale bird droppings of feathers
|
|
Tobacco Workers Lung
|
inhale mold on tobacco
|
|
Bagassosis
|
thermophilic actinomycetes on moldy bagasse
|
|
Goodpasteur's
|
severe glomerulonepthritis, pulmonary hemmorage, dyspnea
anti-GBM antibodies |
|
Pulmonary hemosiderosis (RARE)
|
blood in intersitiial space= signnificant inflammation followed by fibrosis
|
|
Alveolar proteinosis
|
alveoli fill with proteinaceous material= chronic inflam and fibrotic dev
|
|
Eosinophilic pneumonia
|
eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrate
usually idiopathic but can be due to roundworms, drugs, fungi |
|
Diffuse idiopathic fibrosis
|
honeycomb lung with unknown cause and fatal within several years
|