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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Olmecs
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people that lived in swampy area with large cities, traded, shortage of raw materials, used stone
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Teotihuacan
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first major city in Central America, northeast of Mexico city, capital with many farming and trading inhabitants of Olmec peoples, city was burned
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Avenue of Dead
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strip of palaces and temples
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Pyramid of the Sun
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dominated palaces and temples, rising four stories
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Mayans
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warriors, artists, inventors of calendar, used hieroglyphs
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human sacrifice
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to appease gods, ceremonial occasion
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Palenque
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place where tombstone of Pacal with writing was found
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Pacal
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came to throne at young age, ruled whole life, sons were successors, "divine"
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Tikal
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urban center with large population
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Decline of Mayans
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possibly invasion, disaster, or overused land, overall mystery
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Itzamna
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Mayan's supreme god
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Toltecs
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warlike, builders, brought metal working to Mesoamerica, controlled for several centuries, divided when Spanish arived
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Tula
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center of Toltec empire
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Huitzilopochti
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Aztec's god of war
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aqueduct
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type of well, brought fresh water from afar
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Aztecs
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warriors, leaders, polytheistic peoples, traders, had slaves, arranged marriages
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Aztec government
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monarch, governed by local lords, ruler was "divine," family successors, prime minister, received a tribute from conquered lands, loose gov. led to decline
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Ometeol
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Aztec's supreme god, controlled heavens
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Quetzalcoatl
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god of learning and virtrue, told story about Kukulcan
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Tenochtilan
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Aztec's sacred district with shrine and pyramid of steps
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Kakulcan
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"feathered serpent," Toltec prince,
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Tlaloc
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god of rain
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Huitzilopochtli
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god of sun, if appeased then wouldn't end the world
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Decline of Aztecs
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Tlaxcala civilization from east wanted independence, Spanish force made allies, attacked city after revolution
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Moctezuma
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Aztec monarch, believed Cortes was god
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Hernan Cortes
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leader of Spanish troops, trained soldiers, attacked Aztecs
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Moche
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border of Ecuador, urban center, capital, no written language, kingdom of Chimor
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Inca people
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"ruler people", small community at Cuzco in Peru, military state
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Pachakuti
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Inca's divine leader, created expanded empire, temple dedicated to sun, divided empire into quarters with roads, bridges, and communication runners
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Topa Inca & Huayna Inca
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Pachakuti's successors
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Litters
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covered couches used fro carrying officials
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Quechua
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language of the Inca
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quipu
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records using system of knotted strings
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Inca's entertainment
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wrote/performed plays about history, actors were townspeople, wrote poetry, played music
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Francisco Pizarro
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Spanish conqueror with expedition of weapons, soldiers, and horses
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Decline of the Inca
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smallpox, emperor died, civil war
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Lima
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new colony for Spanish empire
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Marco Polo
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explorer that traveled to China and Japan for 25 years, wrote The Travels
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Motives for Exploration
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economic, religious, expanding territory "god, gold, glory"
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Prince Henry the Navigator
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Portugese, created navigation school, reached Senegal River, sold African slaves
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Vasco de Gama
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Portugese, made profit of ginger, destroyed Muslim's shipping
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Admiral Alfonso d' Albuqueque
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Portuguese, set up port headquarters at coast of Goa, conquered Arabs, goal: to conquer Malacca
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Malacca
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thriving port, major stopping point for spice trade
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Portuguese's Reasons for Success
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guns, naval teachnology, seamanship skill
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Christopher Columbus
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Spanish explorer from Italy, persuaded queen to sail to Asia different route in 1492, reached Americas
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Queen Isabella
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granted Christopher Columbus's expedition
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Amerigo
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America "New World"
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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divide land between Portuguese (Africa) and Spanish (Atlantic)
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John Cabot
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discovered New England Coast
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Pedro Cabral
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discovered South America
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conquistador
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Spanish conquerors
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encomienda
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right for settlers to use natives as laborers, settlers would protect them
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Bartolome de Las
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helped conquer Cubans, then became monk, stood up for natives
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Lives of Natives
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disease, starvation, death, taxed, forced to convert Catholic religion (supervised)
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Conqueror's Impact
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developed parishes, schools, hospitals, original civilizations destroyed, gold/goods were taken from mines of Peru
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New Rivals
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English, Dutch, French
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Dutch East/West India Company
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government formed, colonized North America, became bankrupt
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English's Empire
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North America, colonies, growing population
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