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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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asceticism
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strict self-denial and self-discipline
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bodhisattva
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(Sanskrit) a being who has postponed his or her own entry into nirvana in order to assist others in reaching that goal
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Messiah
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Anointed One, or Savior; in Greek, Christos
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rabbi
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a teacher and master trained in the Jewish law
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sutra
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(Sanskrit) an instructional chapter or discourse in any of the sacred books of Buddhism
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abbot
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(Latin, "father") the superior of an abbey or monastery for men
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a cappella
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choral singing without instrumental accompaniment
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ambulatory
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a covered walkway, outdoors or indoors
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apse
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the semicircular process at the east end of a Roman basilica or a Christian church
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benediction
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the invocation of a blessing; in art, indicated by the raised right hand with fore and middle fingers extended
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cannon law
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the ecclesiastical law that governs the Christian Church
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cantor
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the official in Judaism who sings or chants the liturgy; the official in Christianity in charge of music at a cathedral
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catacomb
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a subterranean complex consisting of burial chambers and galleries with recesses for tombs
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chaitya
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a sacred space, often applied to arcaded assembly halls that enclose a 'stupa'
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chatra
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an umbrellalike shape that signifies the sacred tree under which the Buddha reached nirvana
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clerestory
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the upper part of the nave, whose walls contain openings for light
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diptych
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a two-leaved hinged tablet; a two-paneled altarpiece
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dogma
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a prescribed body of doctrines concerning faith or morals, formally stated and authoritatively proclaimed by the Church
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icon
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the image of a saint or other religious figure
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iconography
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the study, identification, and interpretation of subject matter in art
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liturgy
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the prescribed rituals or body of rites for public worship
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mandala
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a diagrammatic map of the universe used as a visual aid to meditation and as a ground plan for Hindu and Buddhist temple shrines
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mantra
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a sacred formula of invocation or incantation common among Hinduism or Buddhism
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melismastic
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with many notes of music to one syllable
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mudra
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(Sanskrit) a symbolic gesture commonly used in Buddhist art
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narthex
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a porch or vestibule at the main entrance of a church
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nave
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the central aisle of a church between the altar and the apse
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neume
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a mark or symbol indicating the direction of the voice in the early notation of Gregorian chant
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orans
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a gesture involving the raising of the arms in an attitude of prayer
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pagoda
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an East Asian shrine in the shape of a tower, usually with roofs curving upward at the division of each of several stories
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pendentive
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a concave piece of masonry that makes the transition between the angle of two walls and the base of the dome above
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putto
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(Italian) a nude, male child, usually winged; related to the classical Cupid
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regular clergy
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(Latin) those who have taken vows to obey the rules of a monastic order
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secular clergy
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(Latin) those ordained to serve the Christian Church in the world
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stupa
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a hemispherical mound that serves as a buddhist shrine
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syllabic
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with one note of music per syllable
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torana
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a gateway that marks one of the four cardinal points in the stone fence surrounding a stupa
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transept
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the part of a basilican-plan church that runs perpendicular to the nave
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ecumenical
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worldwide in extent; representing the whole body of churches
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gallery
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the area between the clerestory and the nave arcade, usually adorned with mosaics in Early Christian churches
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Greek cross
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a cross in which all four arms are of equal length
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Latin cross
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a cross in which the vertical members is longer than the horizontal member it intersects
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zither
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a five- or seven-stringed instrument that is usually plucked with a plectrum and the fingertips; the favorite instrument of ancient China
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arabesque
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a type of ornament featuring plant and flower forms
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caliph
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(Arabic) the official successor to Muhammad and theocratic ruler of an Islamic state
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gilded (or gilt)
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gold-surfaced; covered with a thin layer of gold, gold paint, or goild foil
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hajj
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pilgrimmage to Mecca, the fifth Pillar of the Faith in Islam
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hijra
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(Arabic) Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Medina in the year 622
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illuminated manuscript
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a handwritten and ornamented book, parts of which (the script, illustrations, or decorative devices) may be embellished with gold or silver paint or with gold foil, hence "illuminated"
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imam
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a Muslim prayer leader
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infidel
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a nonbeliever
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jihad
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(Arabic) the struggle to lead a virtuous life and to further the universal mission of Islam through teaching, preaching, and, when necessary, warfare
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Kaaba
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(Arabic) a religious sanctuary in Mecca; a square shrine containing the Black Stone though to have been delivered to Abraham by the Angel Gabriel
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Kufic
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the earliest form of Arabic script; it originated in the Iraqi town of Kufa
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mihrab
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a special nice in the wall of a mosque that indicated the direction of Mecca
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minaret
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a tall, slender tower usually attached to a mosque and surrounded by a balcony from which the muezzin summons Muslims to prayer
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minbar
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a stepped pulpit in a mosque
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mosque
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the Muslim house of worship
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muezzin
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a "crier" who calls the hours of Muslim prayer five times a day
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mullah
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a Muslim trained in Islamic law and doctrine
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polygyny
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the marriage of one man to several women at the same time
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sharia
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the body of Muslim law based on the Quran and the Hadith
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stucco
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fine plaster or cement used to coat or decorate walls
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chain mail
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a flexible medieval armor made of interlinked metal rings
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chalice
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a goblet; in Christian liturgy, the Eucharistic cup
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chanson de geste
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(French) an epic poem of the Early Middle Ages
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chivalry
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a code of behavior practiced by upper-class men and women of medieval society
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cloisonné
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(French) an enameling technique produced by pouring molten colored glass between thin metal strips secured to a metal surface; any object ornamented in this manner
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common law
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the body of unwritten law developed primarily from judicial decisions based on custom and precedent; the basis of the English legal system and that of all states in the United States with the exception of Lousiana
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crenellations
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tooth-shaped battlements surmounting a wall and used for defensive combat
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cruciform
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cross-shaped
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fealty
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loyalty; the fidelity of the warrior to his chieftain
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fedualism
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the sytsem of political organization prevailing in Europe between the ninth and fifteenth centuries and having as its basis the exchange of land for military defense
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fief
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in feudal society, land or property given to a warrior in return for military service
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guild
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an association of merchants or craftspeople organized according to occupation
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investiture
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the procedure by which a feudal lord granted a vassal control over a fief
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jongleur
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a professional entertainer who wandered from court to court tin medieval Europe
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joust
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a form of personal combat, usually with lances on horseback, between met-at-arms
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keep
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a square tower, the strongest and most secure part of the medieval castle
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kenning
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a two-term metaphor used in Old English verse
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lord
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any member of the feudal nobility who invested a vassal with a fief
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mace
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a heavy, spike-headed club used as a weapon in medieval combat
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medieval romance
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a tale of adventure that deals with knights, kings, and ladies acting under the impulse of love, religious faith, or the desire for adventure
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moat
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a wide trench, usually filled with water, surrounding a fortified place such as a castle
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niello
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a black sulfurous substance used as decorative inlay for incised metal surfaces; the art of process of decorating metal in this manner
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paten
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a shallow dis; in christian liturgy; the Eucharistic plate
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primogeniture
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the principle by which a fief was passed from father to eldest son
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renaissance
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(French) a revival of the learning of former and especially classical culture
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serf
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an unfree peasant
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vassal
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any member of the feudal nobility who vowed to serve a lord in exchange for control of a fief
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zoomorphic
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animal-shaped; having the form of an animal
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canto
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one of the main divisions of a long poem
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excommunication
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ecclesiastical censure that excludes the individual from receiving the sacraments
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grace
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the free, unearned favor of God
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interdict
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the excommunication of an entire city, district, or state
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memento mori
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(Latin) a warning of the closeness of death and the need to prepare one's own death
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miracle play
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a type of medieval play that dramatized the lives of, and especially the miracles performed by, Christ, the Virgin Mary, or the saints
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morality play
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a type of medieval play that dramatized moral themes, such as the conflict between good and evil
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mystery play
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a type of medieval play originating in church liturgy and dramatizing biblical history from the fall of Satan to the Last Judgment
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pageant
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a roofed wagon-stage on which medieval plays and spectacles were performed
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sacrament
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a sacred act or pledge; in medieval Christianity, a visible sign (instituted by Jesus Christ) of God's grace
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