Human Sexuality Sexual Disfunctions

Front 1

What are the 4 categories of the causes of sexual problems?

Back 1

1. intrapsychic

2. interpersonal/relational

3. cultural/psychosocial

4. organic

but they can be multicausal

Front 2

Explain Intrapsychic Factors

Back 2

-begins in childhood with interactions with and observations of the family. (how children are taught about nudity and genitals)

-how they learn about sexuality from their parents

-other factors emerge in adolescence and adulthood from peer interactions

Front 3

Explain interpersonal/relational factors

Back 3

-sexual dysfunction are a symptom of underlying relationship issues (inadequate communication, conflict resolution skills)

-other sources of sexual difficulty include affairs, jealousy, distrust

Front 4

Explain cultural/psychological factors

Back 4

1. Religious teachings (promote certain sexual values)

2. Family-based teachings (ways nudity is portrayed in home, lingo used for genitals, incomplete advice)

3. School-based sex ed

4. Sources of misinformation (myths in pop media)

Front 5

Explain organic factors

Back 5

-biological

-effects of disease, disability, drugs that effect the vascular system (blood vessels), neurological, and endocrine system (glands/hormone regulation)

-changes in hormones due to hypothyroidism, anemia, pregnancy, menopause can lead to vaginal dryness and lack of desire

-damage to central nervous system can change sensation/movement and impact sexual functioning

-prescription, over-the-counter and recreational drugs can impact sexual functioning, response and desire (alcohol, narcotics, hormonal contraceptives)

Front 6

What are the sexual difficulties that men experience?

Back 6

1. Erectile dysfunction which is a difficulty maintaining or getting erections.

2. Rapid/premature ejaculation

3. Delayed ejaculation or anorgasmia

4. Dyspareunia (pain during sex)

Front 7

what causes erectile dysfunction?

Back 7

-issues with blood flow or enjoyment of tactile stimulation (organic and psychological causes)

Front 8

What is rapid/premature ejaculation?

Back 8

-maybe inability to bring partner to orgasm before?

-distress over lack of sufficient pleasure for both individuals

Front 9

what can cause rapid/premature ejaculation?

Back 9

-anxiety

-lack of control

-genetics

-penile hypersensitivity

-unrealistic expectations

Front 10

Describe Delayed ejaculation/anorgasmia and the causes

Back 10

-rarely reported

-is the inability to achieve orgasm (or delayed orgasm)

-causes: psychotropic drugs, idiosyncratic (peculiar) masturbatory style, lack of arousal.

Front 11

Describe Dyspareunia

Back 11

-pain during sex (generally overlook in men)

-caused by STIs, tumours and other diseases

Front 12

What is penile dysmorphic disorder?

Back 12

-obsessive preoccupaton with penis size. This is not in the DSM: it is a subtype of body dysmorphic disorder

Front 13

What percent of men are unhappy with their penis size and wish it was bigger?

Back 13

45%

Front 14

what percent were unhappy and wished it was smaller?

Back 14

0.2%

Front 15

What is hypothesized to be linked to certain types of sexual difficulties?

Back 15

Childhood attachment style

Men with attachment-disturbing childhood events (like parental alcoholism, parental death, marital discord) that prevent developing a secure attachment style reported earlier erectile dysfunction onset, more sexual performance anxiety, and greater likelihood of being single.

Front 16

What percent of heterosexual college men reported problems during condom application and during penetration (with keeping it up)

Back 16

61.6%. Condom-associated erection problems are common.

Front 17

Are condoms really the only issue of erectile disfunction in men who claim it to be?

Back 17

No. Because men who dont report condom related problems have less Erectile difficulties when not using a condom than men who report condom caused issues when they aren't using a condom.

Compare 10% to 25-43%

Front 18

What are sexual difficulties that women have?

Back 18

1. Female sexual arousal disorder

2. Anorgasmia

3. Dyspareunia

4. Vaginismus

Front 19

Explain female sexual arousal disorder

Back 19

-difficulty with vaginal lubrication (normal with lack of arousal)

-May be due to unappealing sexual encounter not disorder

-many causes of lack of arousal and desire

Front 20

what can lead to vaginal dryness?

Back 20

-menopause

-breastfeeding

-medications

Front 21

What is anorgasmia (in women)

Back 21

-persistent inability to orgasm

Front 22

What might anorgasmia be due to?

Back 22

-lack of knowledge of one's own body and sexual response

-lack of clitoral stimulation

-low knowledge and skill of the partner

-are unable to talk to partner

-medications

-stress

Front 23

What is dyspareunia?

Back 23

genital or pelvic pain during or after sexual activity

Front 24

What can cause dyspareunia in women?

Back 24

-ovulation

-endometriosis (tissue normally inside the uterus grows outside the uterus, causing pain)

-lack of arousal and lubrication

-physical disparities between partners

-STIs

Front 25

What is vaginismus?

Back 25

-fear of penetration and or pain from penetration

-involuntary spasms at the vaginal opening

-difficult to diagnose and treat

Front 26

what can cause vaginismus?

Back 26

-physical issues

-psychological issues

-relational issues

Front 27

What were the sexual issues collage aged women were asked to report on?

Back 27

1. lack of sexual desire

2. lack of orgasm

3. pain with sex

4. difficulty getting/staying wet

5. tightening of vaginal muscles

Front 28

what were the most common issues?

Back 28

1. Lack of orgasm (50%)

2. difficulty getting wet (22%)

3. painful (21%)

these issues can go hand in hand

Front 29

What percent of college aged women reported having at least one issues 25% of the time?

What percent reported having two or more problems

Back 29

70%

13.5%

Front 30

What is Female Viagra?

Back 30

Flibanserin

-different from viagra. Viagra affects blood flow to the penis and requires preexisting sexual stimulation and desire to work. Can be taken 2-4 hours before sex

Flinanserin works in the brain to increase sexual desire, messes with serotonin to increase levels of Dopamine and norepinephrine to increase. sexual desire. needs to be taken every day. no alcohol

Front 31

What is hypoactive desire disorder?

Back 31

-low desire

-low libido

can effect women and men

Front 32

what is compulsive sexual behaviour?

Back 32

-hypersexuality

-excessive sexual desire and behaviour

Front 33

What is sexual aversion disorder?

Back 33

-intense negative or fearful response to specific aspect of sexual interaction

Front 34

what is sexual desire discrepancy?

Back 34

-individuals desire for sex differs from partner's

Front 35

Is sexual desire discrepancy common?

Back 35

yes. And it happens in gay couples too, so its not necessarily a gender issue

Front 36

what percent of women and men report sexual desire discrepancy?

Back 36

27.4% of women

23.4% of men

Front 37

what is sexual communal strength?

Back 37

motivation to meet partner's needs

Front 38

what does motivation to meet partner's needs play a role in?

Back 38

-decision to engage in sex with desire discrepency

-maintenance of both partner's sexual relationship satisfaction

Front 39

what is high communal strength?

Back 39

-being motivated to meet partner's needs without expectation of immediate reciprocation.

these people are less concerned with the negatives of having sex and are more focussed on the benefits.

they have increased satisfaction overall

Front 40

Is bad sex a deal break? How can you deal with bad sex?

Back 40

-communication: talk to partner and show what you like

-focus less on orgasm

-diagnose and address sexual disorders

Front 41

Do men or women use drugs more to assist sexual performance? what percentages?

Back 41

Men.

12.9 percent of men

and 1.9 percent of women

Front 42

What are the three approaches to sex therapy?

Back 42

1. Behavioural

2. Cognitive behavioural sex therapy (CBST)

3. Pharmacotherapy (use of medical drugs, eg. hormone therapy, SSRIs, botox, viagra)

Front 43

Describe behavioural sex therapy

Back 43

1. pioneered by masters and johnson

2. explain sexual dysfunction by principles of psychological learning theory (punishments and reinforcements)

3. Recondition to feel pleasure in sexual situations

4. relaxation

5. less focus on orgasm

6. Use of the sensate focus technique

-is effective for gay and straight couples

Front 44

what is the sensate focus technique?

Back 44

associate sexual arousal and activity with relaxation and pleasure

Front 45

what is cognitive behavioural sex therapy? (CBST)

Back 45

-examine the underlying thoughts and feelings associated with behaviour

-"talk therapy"

Front 46

what is talk therapy?

Back 46

identify thoughts triggering anxiety and reshape thought patterns to be more positive.

Front 47

what are sex surrogates?

Back 47

having sex with clients as a form of sex therapy.

eg. to cope with fears and anxieties

Front 48

how many men are currently certified as sex surrogates in the US? And what do they have to do to get certified?

Back 48

10 men.

Undergo 100 hours of human sexuality studies to be certified.