Human Sexuality (Female Sexual Anatomy And Physiology)

Front 1

What term did Oprah Winfrey normalize?

Back 1

Vajayjay

Front 2

What does the book I'll Show You Mine contain?

Back 2

Personal stories about 60 women and life-size, close-up, color photos of their vulvas

Front 3

What does the book Petals contain?

Back 3

48 black and white photographs of vulvas.

Front 4

Venus was the Roman goddess of what?

Back 4

Love and beauty.

Front 5

In the 90s, removing pubic hair was primarily the practice of who?

Back 5

Porn stars and exotic dancers.

Front 6

In the 90s Western World, what were body piercings associated with?

Back 6

Exotic, faraway peoples seen in National Geographic.

Front 7

Why do some women contemplate labiaplasty?

Back 7

In order to make their vulvas look like those of porn stars.

Front 8

What can aesthetic ideals for the vulva do to women?

Back 8

Contribute to their negative feelings about their vulvas.

Front 9

Genital dissatisfaction is connected with what?

Back 9

Genital self-consciousness and less sexual satisfaction experienced during sexual intimacy.

Front 10

What is the labia minora?

Back 10

The inner lips of the vulva, one on each side of the vaginal opening.

Front 11

What is The Great Wall of Vagina?

Back 11

A 30 foot long sculpture consisting of 400 casts of vulvas made from real women, ages 18 to 64.

Front 12

Crura is Latin for what?

Back 12

Legs.

Front 13

How many girls undergo one of several types of genital cutting each year?

Back 13

2 million girls and women in more than 40 countries.

Front 14

How many women and girls now living have experienced genital cutting?

Back 14

Between 100 million and 140 million.

Front 15

Female genital cutting is still practiced where despite a constitutional ban?

Back 15

Ethiopia.

Front 16

What percentage of women who have undergone genital cutting die from childbirth complications?

Back 16

50% more than women who have not been cut.

Front 17

What is one of Sudan's most vile insults?

Back 17

The son of an uncircumcised mother.

Front 18

Young girls may experience genital cutting where?

Back 18

Aftica and the Middle East.

Front 19

What makes female genital cutting and labiaplasty similar?

Back 19

Both are done to conform to a cultural ideal of appearance, to transcend shameful feelings about their genitals, and to feel acceptably feminine and to be desirable to sexual partners.

Front 20

Why might Western women be considered more oppressed than women who undergo genital cutting as children?

Back 20

Western women have to pay to have their genitals altered, but risk scrutiny if they go unaltered.

Front 21

What percentage of married women have experienced FGC in Egypt?

Back 21

97%.

Front 22

What does vestibule mean in terms of architecture?

Back 22

The entryway of a house.

Front 23

What is hymenalplasty?

Back 23

Surgical reconstruction of the hymen.

Front 24

What are the vestibular bulbs?

Back 24

Two bulbs, one in each side of the vaginal opening, that engorge with blood during sexual arousal.

Front 25

What are Bartholin's glands?

Back 25

Two small glands slightly inside the vaginal opening that secrete a few drops of fluid during sexual arousal.

Front 26

What are the cavernous bodies?

Back 26

Two small spongy structures.

Front 27

What do Bartholin's glands do?

Back 27

Produce a drop or two of fluid just before orgasm.

Front 28

Why do women who have recently given birth commonly lose urine when they cough or sneeze?

Back 28

Excessive stretching and tearing of perineal muscles during childbirth.

Front 29

Women are more likely to be aware of vaginal contractions at orgasm during manual clitoral stimulation than during what?

Back 29

Intercourse.

Front 30

The seminal fluid of the male helps do what?

Back 30

Alkalinize the vagina.

Front 31

What is douching?

Back 31

Rinsing out the inside of the vagina.

Front 32

What has advertising done to our cultural negativity about female sexual organs?

Back 32

Turned it into an extremely profitable business.

Front 33

How much do women in the United States spend each year on over the counter douches?

Back 33

Millions of dollars.

Front 34

What does anteflexed mean?

Back 34

Tipped forward toward the abdomen.

Front 35

What does retroflexed mean?

Back 35

Tipped back toward the spine.

Front 36

What is a zygote?

Back 36

United sperm and egg.

Front 37

How long are the fallopian tubes?

Back 37

4 inches.

Front 38

How big are the ovaries?

Back 38

Size and shape of almonds.

Front 39

How many ova are destined for full maturation during a woman's reproductive years?

Back 39

400.

Front 40

What are fallopian tubes?

Back 40

Two tubes, extending from the sides of the uterus, in which the egg and sperm travel.

Front 41

What does shedding blood symbolize in South Africa?

Back 41

The transformation into adulthood.

Front 42

What is an East Indian description of menstruation?

Back 42

The flower growing in the house of the god of love.

Front 43

What is one aspect of the menstrual cycle that people often see as positive?

Back 43

Its cyclic pattern.

Front 44

Average menarche is earlier where?

Back 44

Lower altitudes.

Front 45

What is the average age of menarche for girls born after the 80s?

Back 45

12.4 years of age.

Front 46

What percentage of girls who are currently 6 to 11 years old are overweight?

Back 46

16%

Front 47

Mittelschmerz is German for what?

Back 47

Middle pain.

Front 48

FSH is what?

Back 48

Follicle-stimulating hormone.

Front 49

LH is what?

Back 49

Luteinizing hormone.

Front 50

If two ova are fertilized, what happens?

Back 50

Nonidentical twins will develop.

Front 51

If one egg is fertilized and then divides into two separate zygotes, what happens?

Back 51

Identical twins result.

Front 52

What are two hormones that affect the ovaries?

Back 52

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

Front 53

What is the corpus luteum?

Back 53

The portion of the follicle that remains after the matured egg has been released.

Front 54

What do lap dancers earn when ovulating?

Back 54

$70 per hour.

Front 55

What do lap dancers on the pill earn compared do dancers not on the pill?

Back 55

$37 per hour with pill, $53 per hour without.

Front 56

What is PMS short for?

Back 56

Premenstrual syndrome.

Front 57

How many premenstrual symptoms are listed in medical and research literature?

Back 57

200.

Front 58

Where do fat layers become slightly thicker before menstruation?

Back 58

In the waist and thighs.

Front 59

What percentage of women experience mild discomfort premenstrually?

Back 59

80-95%

Front 60

What percentage of women have symptoms severe enough for a diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?

Back 60

Five percent.

Front 61

What percentage of adolescents experience some degree of dysmenorrhea?

Back 61

67%

Front 62

What are the two types of amenorrhea?

Back 62

Primary and secondary.

Front 63

When was the first report of toxic shock syndrome published?

Back 63

May 1980.

Front 64

What product has been removed from the market since the 80s?

Back 64

Highly absorbent tampons.

Front 65

What has been suggested as a way to avoid toxic shock?

Back 65

Using sanity napkins instead of tampons.

Front 66

What is TSS?

Back 66

Toxic shock syndrome.

Front 67

What age do the ovaries begin to slow the production of estrogen?

Back 67

40 years of age.

Front 68

What percentage of women experience a change in menstrual patterns and sexual response during premenopause?

Back 68

90%

Front 69

At age 40, a woman's level of what is half what it was when she was 20 years old?

Back 69

Circulating testosterone.

Front 70

What is menopause?

Back 70

One of the events of the female climacteric, is the permanent cessation of menstruation.

Front 71

What percentage of women reach menopause by age 45?

Back 71

10%

Front 72

What are perfluorocarbons?

Back 72

Man-made chemicals used in many household products.

Front 73

What percentage of women experience hot flashes?

Back 73

75%

Front 74

What is HT?

Back 74

Hormone therapy.

Front 75

What is CEE?

Back 75

Conjugated equine estrogen.

Front 76

Why is CEE opposed?

Back 76

The treatment of the mares and foals endure in order for the urine to be harvested.

Front 77

A 12-year French study of almost 100,000 women found what?

Back 77

Those who used estrogen and a bioidentical progesterone that is unavailable in the United States experienced no significant increase in breast cancer compared to women who never took any menopausal hormones.

Front 78

What can cause unpleasant odors?

Back 78

Forgotten tampons or diaphragms.

Front 79

What does nylon underwear do?

Back 79

Holds in heat and moisture that encourage bacterial growth.

Front 80

How much has the death rate from cervical cancer decreased in the United States since 1941?

Back 80

75%

Front 81

What percentage of women across the developing works survive cervical cancer?

Back 81

41%

Front 82

How many women in the developing world die of cervical cancer in a year?

Back 82

250,000 women

Front 83

What does the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommend?

Back 83

Women should have their first Pap smear at age 21 and have subsequent screenings every 3 years until age 30 and every 5 years between the ages of 30 and 65, depending on their health-care providers recommendations.

Front 84

What percentage of women have advanced ovarian cancer by the time it is diagnosed?

Back 84

80%

Front 85

How many women in the United States have hysterectomies a year?

Back 85

600,000

Front 86

What percentage of women have a hysterectomy by age 65?

Back 86

33%

Front 87

What are secondary sex characteristics?

Back 87

Physical characteristics other than genitals that distinguish males from females.

Front 88

In 2008, how many women in the United States had cosmetic breast implant surgery?

Back 88

Over 355,600.

Front 89

Increasing numbers of young women have been receiving breast augmentation since when?

Back 89

1980s.

Front 90

What percentage of women with breast implants experience side effects?

Back 90

73%

Front 91

What percentage of breast lumps are found by women themselves?

Back 91

Ninety percent.

Front 92

What percentage of women can develop breast cancer from flaws in a gene?

Back 92

5-10%

Front 93

How many types of lumps are there in breasts?

Back 93

Three.

Front 94

What are the two most common breast lumps?

Back 94

Cysts, which are fluid filled sacks, and fibroadenomas, which are solid, rounded tumors.

Front 95

What is a malignant tumor?

Back 95

A tumor made up of cancerous cells.

Front 96

In one year, breast cancer kills how many U.S. women and how many women worldwide?

Back 96

40,000 U.S. women and 500,000 women worldwide.

Front 97

Cancers that occur in young women are often what?

Back 97

More aggressive and result in a higher mortality rate.

Front 98

In 2010, how many men had breast cancer? How many fatal cases?

Back 98

2,000 men. Fatal for 390.

Front 99

What percentage of breast cancers in postmenopausal women may be prevented by lifestyle factors?

Back 99

40%

Front 100

What is a lumpectomy?

Back 100

Surgical removal of the lump and small amounts of surrounding tissue only.

Front 101

What is a mastectomy?

Back 101

Surgical removal of all or part of the breast.

Front 102

What percentage of women who have had breast cancer experience sexual problems resulting from the physical effects of chemotherapy, radiation, and hormone therapy?

Back 102

50%

Front 103

In 2002, how many women in the United States had implants following mastectomy?

Back 103

About 70,000.

Front 104

In 1974, who were the first public figures to openly discuss their breast cancer and mastectomies?

Back 104

Betty Ford and Happy Rockefeller.

Front 105

Pornography has influenced some women to do what?

Back 105

Surgically alter their vulvas.

Front 106

Genital self-exploration is a good way for a woman to do what?

Back 106

Learn about her body and to notice any changes that may require medical attention.

Front 107

The mons veneris and labia majora have underlying pads of what?

Back 107

Fatty tissue.

Front 108

The labia minora are what?

Back 108

Folds of sensitive skin that begin at the hood over the clitoris and extend downward to below the vaginal opening.

Front 109

The clitoris is composed of what?

Back 109

The external glans and shaft and the internal crura.

Front 110

The urethral opening is located where?

Back 110

Between the clitoris and the vaginal introitus.

Front 111

Many cultures have placed great importance on what?

Back 111

The hymen as proof of virginity.

Front 112

Below the surface of the vulva are what?

Back 112

The vestibular bulbs and the pelvic floor muscles.

Front 113

How far does the vagina extend into the pelvic captivity?

Back 113

3 to 5 inches.

Front 114

What are kegel exercises?

Back 114

Voluntary contractions of the vaginal muscles.

Front 115

What is vaginal lubrication important for?

Back 115

Enhancing the longevity and motility of sperm cells and increasing pleasure and comfort of intercourse.

Front 116

The Grafenberg spot occupies how much space?

Back 116

1 centimeter along the surface of the top wall of the vagina.

Front 117

The vaginal walls and cervix produce what?

Back 117

Normal secretions?

Front 118

The menstrual cycle results from what?

Back 118

A complex interplay of hormones.

Front 119

Some women have difficulties with what?

Back 119

PMS, PMDD, or primary or secondary dysmenorrhea.

Front 120

Amenorrhea occurs normally when?

Back 120

During pregnancy, while breast feeding, and after menopause.

Front 121

Menopause signals what?

Back 121

The end of female fertility.

Front 122

Hormone therapy is a medical treatment for what?

Back 122

Menopausal symptoms.

Front 123

A vaginal infection results in what?

Back 123

Irritation, unusual discharge, or a disagreeable odor.

Front 124

The Pap smear has significantly reduced what?

Back 124

Deaths of cervical cancer.

Front 125

There is considerable medical controversy about what?

Back 125

The appropriate use of hysterectomy.

Front 126

What are the breasts composed of?

Back 126

Fatty tissue and milk-producing glands.

Front 127

What are the three types of lumps that can appear in breasts?

Back 127

Cysts, fibroadenomas, and malignant tumors.