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41 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Do hormones alone cause sex behavior?



Rat brains are _potential.


If unaffected by androgens, behaviorally, the brain is _______. If androgens are given during gestation or up to 8 days after birth => ______ behavior if adult genetic females, whether they have T or E2.



In species that are more mature at birth than rats:



Females given androgens during gestation show _____ female behavior and ____ male behavior.


Where is the controlling center?



In humans, more behavior is ________, less is under rigid _________ control. (KNOW THIS!)



There is some evidence that there is an ________ in female-partner initiated sex behavior at the time of ovulation. This behavior was suppressed when the women went on _______.

How do plasma testosterone levels in human males change from conception to senescence?

Notice the ages where there are big increases in T (especially in the neonatal months which could be what is  "masculinizing" the brain)

Notice the ages where there are big increases in T (especially in the neonatal months which could be what is "masculinizing" the brain)

In some jurisdictions, an explicit affirmation of the willingness of the partner to proceed with sexual activities is required.



True or false.

True

As compared to experimental animals, learning seems to be much more important than hormonal exposure.



True or false.

True

What were some of the research methods used by Masters and Johnson for the "Human Sexual Response? P

What happens to uterus during intercourse?

Moves upward and changes position

What are the two main physiological responses?

Myotonia


Vasocongestion

Myotonia
Increased muscle ______
Sometimes ______
Other times: both _____ and a______ muscles contract => muscular rigidity



Vasocongestion
Increased ______ flow
primarily by increased influx of _______ (vasorelaxation)



There is a great variety in both time and extent of responses.

Myotonia
Increased muscle tension
Sometimes rhythmic
Other times: both agonist and antagonist muscles contract  muscular rigidity
Vasocongestion
Increased blood flow
primarily by increased influx of blood (vasorelaxation)

What are the four phases of the sexual response?

What are some differences in male and female responses?



Duration of organism



How does the "excitement phase" slope vary by age?



What is the amount of time to orgasm after penetration?

Duration much shorter for men (about 1 minute or less) 
Refractory period in males (20 minutes to hours), some females may achieve second or third orgasm with continued stimulation 
 
Females = single orgasm = quick resolution phase or plateau wit...

Duration much shorter for men (about 1 minute or less)


Refractory period in males (20 minutes to hours), some females may achieve second or third orgasm with continued stimulation



Females = single orgasm = quick resolution phase or plateau with no orgasm = slow resolution phase.



Excitement phase slope much steeper in younger individuals



Only about 3 minutes for the male.

What is the correlation between orgasm and oxytocin?



What else is released?

Recent evidence that it MIGHT enhance "pair bonding."



Endorphins and dopamine

In both genders, the major general physiological sexual responses are....

Increased blood flow


Myotonia

What phase does erection start in?



What phases is it maintained in?



Mainly a ________ reflex, but some __________ (decrease)



What are the stimuli for blood flow?



How much does blood flow increase?



What are the neural pathways involved (coordinated and regulated)? Outflow and increase of what mediator?

25-30 fold increase in blood flow

25-30 fold increase in blood flow

What is the proof that it is mainly VASODILATION of the arterioles (from relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle) that causes erection?

What happens during plateau phase?

What happens during plateau phase?

Increased engorgement of penis


Testes pulled closer to body due to muscular action


Muscules in scrotum contract (probably all for protection purposes)



Cowper's gland contraction and secretion (slightly alkaline pH)

What is priapism?

What is the two part spinal reflex of male ejaculation? Location in spinal cord?



What is the path?



Ejaculation/orgasm via what nerves?


What are some muscles involved?



How is retrograde ejaculation prevented?

What is ejaculation probably induced by?

What is ejaculation probably induced by?

Presence of semen in the urethra



What are the two phases?

What are the two phases?

Loss of erection (1st phase quickly, 2nd phase longer)



Inversely proportional to excitement phase length

Didn't really give an answer in class.

Effect of circumcision on responsiveness?



Males vs. females?

No clear results

No clear results

Erection...

Occurs within a few seconds after initial stimulation (in young men)

What are the first two sexual responses in the female (that occur at the same time)?

Nipple erection and vaginal lubrication

What are the breast responses of each phase in women?

1. Nipple erection
2. Further increase in size (areola enlarges)
3. Size reduction

1. Nipple erection


2. Further increase in size (areola enlarges)


3. Size reduction

What are some of changes during the 4 stages in the female genitalia?

1. Lubrication, clitoris enlargement, labial swelling, early elevation and moving up of uterus away from vagina (leads to widening), labia major and minor increase in size

1. Lubrication, clitoris enlargement, labial swelling, early elevation and moving up of uterus away from vagina (leads to widening), labia major and minor increase in size

What happens during plateau phase?

What happens during plateau phase?

Clitoris retracts (covered up), further enlargement, swelling on outside of vagina => orgasmic platform

Clitoris retracts (covered up), further enlargement, swelling on outside of vagina => orgasmic platform

What happens in the orgasmic phase?

Contractions become coordinated (directed downward)

Contractions become coordinated (directed downward)

What are the changes (uterine contraction and cervix) that occur in the resolution phase?

What are some idiosyncrasies noted to occur?


(bleeding, allergies, coordination, sensory perception, gag reflex), public speaking?