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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what was the definition of rape before 1983? |
heterosexual intercourse by a man with a woman who was not his wife |
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what were the problems with this? |
-male as victim and female as assailant -spousal rape -Victim’s past sexual history could be put on trial -Charge of rape required corroboration – very difficult to get a conviction of no physical evidence was collected -Rape complaints had to be made immediately after the attack or they were invalidated |
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what is the present definition of sex assault? |
simple) sexual assault -with a weapon, threats, or bodily harm -aggravated sexual assault |
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how do you get consent? |
●must be actively established ●cannot be obtained if the complainant is drunk, unconscious, shows signs of disagreement or changes their mind ●does not relate to complainants past sexual history |
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how many women over the age of 18 have been sexually assualted? |
●39% of women over 18 – sexually assaulted by a man since the age of 16 |
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how many have been sex assaulted in last 12 months? |
5% |
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what rape is more likely to be reported? |
stranger rape |
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how often do men report rape? |
sex by man (2%) and women (1%) |
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whats the definition of sexual assaualt? |
Somebody touches you in a sexual way on purpose, directly or indirectly, without your consent |
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whats the definition of sexual assualt with a weapon, threats to a third party or causing bodily harm? |
Somebody sexually assaults you and is armed with, or uses, a weapon, or, forces you to have sex by threatening to do injury to somebody else, (for example: they threaten to hurt your brother or sister if you don't do it), or, they injure you. |
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what is aggravated sexual assault? |
Somebody sexually assaults you and they cause serious injuries to you. |
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what is child sexual abuse? |
Basically, the legal age of consent is 16 years.On May 1, 2008, the federal government amended the Criminal Code of Canada to raise the age of consent to sexual activity from 14 to 16 years of age. |
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what is section 151- sexual interference? |
●If you are under 16 years old, it is a criminal offence for someone to touch your body for a sexual purpose with a part of their body or any object, directly or indirectly. |
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what is section 152- invitation to sexual touching? |
if you are under 16 years old, it is a criminal offence for someone to invite, counsel or incite you to touch, directly or indirectly, their body, the body of someone else or your own body, for a sexual purpose (with a part of your body or any object) |
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what is section 153- sexual exploitation? |
●If you are 16 years old or older, but under 18, it is a criminal offence for someone in a position of trust or authority to have sexual contact with you even if you consent to it. For example, someone in a position of trust or authority such as a minister, coach, employer, teacher, etc. |
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what is Section 173.2 – Indecent Acts – Exposure of Genitals to Person Under 16 Years of Age? |
If you are under 16 years old, it is a criminal offence for someone to expose his or her genital organs to you for a sexual purpose
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even if you do say yes, are there cases the person could get charged? |
yes sometimes, you're not legally allowed to consent to have sex (Canadian Criminal Code 2009).... reasons are on the next slide |
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what is section 153.1- sexual exploitation of a person with a disability? |
If you are mentally or physically challenged (any age), it is a criminal offence if, without your consent, someone invites, counsels or incites you to touch, directly or indirectly, their body, the body of someone else or your own body, for a sexual purpose (with a part of your body or any object) if the offender is in a position of trust or authority towards you or if you are dependent on the offender. |
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what happens when you're under 18? |
-if you are 12 or 13 years old, and you have sex with somebody more than two years older than you are, the other person can be charged with Sexual Assault. -If you're 14 or 15 years old, you can consent to have sex with someone who is less than five years older than you. -You can't legally consent to have sex with someone who is in a position of trust, power or authority over you, for example, a minister, coach, employer, teacher, police officer |
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what is section 159- anal intercourse? |
If you are under 18, and not married to each other, it is a criminal offence to have anal sex even if both persons consent. You must be over 18, or married and both consenting. It must be done in private and only by two people (if there are three people involved then the law says it's not in private |
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how common is acquaintance/date rape? |
●28% of female university and college students experienced sexual coercion in the past year ●Under-reported for various reasons |
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what is possible miscommunication by sexually aggressive men often due to? |
●Lack of competence in reading women’s negative emotions ●Failure to make subtle distinctions between friendliness and seductiveness ●Sexually predatory behaviour ●Suspicious schema – doubt honesty of women’s communication/rejection – most supported by research |
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what is a common drug in drug facilitated sexual assualt? |
●Rohypnol -Pill that dissolves in liquids -Some are small, round, and white -Newer pills are oval and green-gray in color. -The effects of Rohypnol can be felt within 30 minutes of being drugged and can last for several hours -If you are drugged, you might look and act like someone who is drunk. You might have trouble standing. Your speech might be slurred. Or you might pass out. |
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what is GHB? |
- short for gamma hydroxybutyric
-a liquid with no odor or color, white powder, and pill -It might give your drink a slightly salty taste. -Mixing it with a sweet drink, such as fruit juice, can mask the salty taste. -takes effect in about 15 minutes and can last 3 or 4 hours. -It is very potent: A very small amount can have a big effect. So it's easy to overdose on GHB |
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what is ketamine? |
-Comes as a liquid and a white powder. -Very fast-acting -You might be aware of what is happening to you, but unable to move. It also causes memory problems |
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what is anger rape? |
venting rage and contempt for women – usually injury the victim, typically does not orgasm |
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what is power rape? |
focus on control, usually planned, repetitive and increase in frequency. Feels insecure |
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what is sadistic rape? |
ritualistic violence, bondage, torture and mutilation – heavy use of violent pornography |
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what are the statistics for lesbian and gay rape? |
-Lesbian couples in one study reported Rape 7% Attempted rape 5% Another study reported forced sex 31% among lesbian women 12% among gay men |
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what are the characteristics of sexually aggressive men? (5 of them) |
1.Violent home environment 2.Delinquency -Encourages hostile attitudes, aggressive self-image and illegal activity 3.Predatory orientation -Perception of enhanced self-esteem and status 4.Hostile masculine personality -Hostility toward women -Exaggerated masculinity – rejects that which is feminine -Power and control issues 5. Lack of empathy/self centeredness -Empathy appears to be a key element empathy training tends to reduce the likelihood of subsequent assaults |
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what are the attitudinal barriers to discussing sexual assualt? (6 of them) |
Minimization – demean the person who “makes such a fuss” Directionality – men may feel defensive or ashamed and women may feel protective of the men present. (important) Trivialization – media, especially pornography has normalized aggressive sexual behaviour Collusion/ Victim Blaming – women are blamed for provoking sexual aggression in men – diverts responsibility Myth of “Female Masochism” – rape myths perpetuate notion that women enjoy physical and emotion pain connected with sex Psychopathology – belief that perpetrators are mentally ill – protects us from having to face the true causes of sexual assault – embedded in social norms |
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how do we prevent sexual assualt? |
● Set sexual limits ●Decide early about sex ●Be clear about your intentions ●For forceful and firm about consent ●Do not worry about being polite ●Be aware of alcohol and drugs ●Trust your gut – “the gift of fear” ●Stay in public until you know the person well |
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how do people speak out against sex assault? |
●Slutwalks occur in a number of large cities in response to cultural discourse ●Society has grown out of statement that suggest women should not dress in certain ways because doing so invites sexual assault |
