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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The lungs activate _________, a hormone significant in the regulation of Na+ in the extracellular fluid
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angiotensin II
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Functional unit of respiratory system?
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alveoli
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type of epithelial tissue in alveoli?
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simple squamous
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Phospholipoprotein complex that
facilitates lung expansion |
surfactant
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During inspiration the diaphragm _________.
And the _________ to open the rib cage |
-contracts downward
-external intercostals contract |
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During exhalation the diaphragm ________.
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-relaxes upward
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pressure within alveoli?
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Intrapulmonary pressure
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Pressure within the pleural sac.
Does not equilibrate with atmospheric or intrapulmonary pressure because pleural sac is complete closed of to prevent any air from escaping. |
Intrapleural pressure
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approximate Intrapleural pressure
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Usually at a lower pressure (~756 mm Hg) than atmospheric pressure.
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intra-alveolarpressure - intrapleural pressure = ?
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transpulmonary pressure = 4 mmHg
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Amount of air exhaled in one breath?
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Tidal Volume = 500mL
TV |
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Amount of air in excess of tidal inspiration that can be inhaled with maximum effort?
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Inspiratory reserve volume = 3000mL
IRV |
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Amount of air in excess of tidal expiration that can be exhaled with maximum effort?
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Expiratory Reserve Volume = 1200mL
ERV |
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Amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration; keeps alveoli inflated; mixes with air on next inspiration
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Residual Volume = 1200mL
RV |
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Amount of air that can be exhaled with maximum effort after maximum inspiration; used to asses strength of thoracic muscles and pulmonary function
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Vital Capacity = 4700mL
VC |
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VC = ?
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ERV + IRV + TV = VC
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Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after normal tidal expiration?
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Inspiratory capacity = 3500mL
IC |
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IC = ?
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TV + IRV = IC
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Amount of air remaining in the lungs after normal tidal expiration?
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Functional Residual Capacity = 2400mL
FRC |
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FRC = ?
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RV + ERV
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Maximum amount of air the lungs can contain?
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Total Lung Capacity = 5900mL
TLC |
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In obstructive pulmonary disorders inflammation appears to be predominately caused by _________.
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neutrophil activity
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-Denudation of airway
epithelium. -Collagen deposition beneath basement membrane, edema, mast cell activation, and inflammatory cell infiltration. |
Asthma pathology
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-Chronic inflammation and swelling of bronchial mucosa resulting in scarring.
-Increased numbers (hyperplasia) of bronchial mucus glands and goblet cells. -Ciliary dysfunction due to decrease in number and function of cilia |
chronic bronchitis
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Obstructive airway disorder that results from destruction of alveoli and small airways
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emphysema
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Two examples of restrictive pulmonary disorders?
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pulmonary fibrosis and pneumonia
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