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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the purpose of the endocrine system?
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The purpose of the endocrine system is to be a communication system between cells/organs.
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What does the endocrine system do?
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It helps maintain homeostasis and influences metabolic activity with hormones.
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Which two systems overlap?
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Endocrine and Nervous systems
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What does the word endocrine mean?
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Endocrine means "to secrete within"
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What do endocrine glands do?
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They secrete hormones INTO the blood
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What do exocrine glands do? Examples?
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Exocrine glands secrete products into body cavities or onto body surface. Sweat, saliva
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Secretion is what type of membrane transport?
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Exocytosis vesicular active transport
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How do hormones travel in the body?
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Hormones travel in the blood to all body cells
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What does the word hormone mean?
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Hormone means "to excite"
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What makes a target cell?
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Target cells have specific protein receptors on plasma membrane that bind to hormones
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What is hormone action?
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Hormone action triggers a change in cell activity
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What makes up hormones?
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Most are amino acid based
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What are the two classes of hormones?
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Amino acid-based (peptide) hormones and steroids
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Which type of hormones is most common?
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Peptide hormones?
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How readily do peptide hormones cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion? Why?
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They do not cross readily because they are non-lipid soluble.
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Where are hormone receptors located?
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Hormone receptors are located on the target cell surface
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Is peptide hormone action fast or slow? Why?
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Peptide hormone action is fast because they turn on existing proteins
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What do peptide hormones activate?
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Usually 2nd messengers
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How readily do steroid hormones cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion? Why?
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They cross readily because they are lipid soluble.
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Where are steroid receptors located?
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Steroid receptors are located inside the cell
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Is steroid hormone action slow or fast? Why?
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Steroid hormone action is slow because they turn on synthesis of new proteins
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What are the five steps of steroid hormones inside a cell?
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1. Steroid diffuses through the PM and binds to a intracellular receptor
2. The receptor-hormone complex enters the nucleus 3. The receptor-hormone complex binds a hormone response element (a specific DNA sequence) 4. Binding initiates transcription of the gene to mRNA 5. the mRNA directs protein synthesis |
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What kind of feedback controls secretion of most hormones? What happens?
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Negative feedback. Negative feedback decreases the stimulus and hormone secretion decreases to normal
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Cortisol is a corticosteroid that helps the body during stress, what happens to glucose levels?
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Gradual increase in blood glucose.
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What is the pituitary gland?
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The pituitary gland is a pea and stalk shaped gland that secretes at least 9 hormones
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What does FSH stand for?
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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
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What does FSH do?
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Stimulates gamete (sperm and egg) production
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What does LH stand for?
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Luteinizing Hormone
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What does LH do?
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Promotes production of gonadal hormones
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In women, what does LH do?
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Luteinizing Hormone promotes ovarian follicles to mature
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In men, what does LH do?
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LH promotes interstitial cells of the testes to make testosterone.
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What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?
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The posterior and the anterior lobes
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What are gonadotropins?
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Gonadotropins regulate the function of the gonads
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What secretes GnRH?
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The hypothalamus
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What is GnRH stand for?
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Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
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What do the gonads secrete?
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The steroid sex hormones
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Are testosterone and estrogen water soluble or lipid soluble?
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They are lipid soluble.
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What is the function of the interstitial cells in the testes?
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To secrete testosterone
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What is the hypothalamus?
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The hypothalamus is part of the forebrain and controls many functions .
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What are some of the hypothalamus' functions besides hormone secretion?
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Hunger/feeding, thirst, temperature, physical response to emotions
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Why was the anterior pituitary gland known as the "master endocrine gland"?
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Because many of the hormones it produces regulates the activity of other endocrine glands.
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Why is the anterior pituitary gland no longer considered the "master" gland?
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Because the hypothalamus was found to control the anterior pituitary gland.
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