Human Physiology Chapter 14: The Autonomic Nervous System

Front 1

What do autonomic reflexes involve?

Back 1

Smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

Front 2

What are the two divisions of autonomic reflexes?

Back 2

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic division

Front 3

What is dual innervation?

Back 3

Dual innervation is where both divisions innervate the same organs but usually cause opposite effects

Front 4

Which division is the flight or fight response?

Back 4

Sympathetic Division

Front 5

What are 6 reflexes in the sympathetic division?

Back 5

1. Mobilization of body during exercise or emergency
2. Increases heart rate
3. dilate bronchioles
4. Shunt blood flow to skeletal muscles
5. Pupils dilate
6. Mouth goes dry

Front 6

What division is the rest and digest response?

Back 6

Parasympathetic division

Front 7

Which division promotes "housekeeping" functions?

Back 7

Parasympathetic division

Front 8

What are the housekeeping functions? Who promotes them?

Back 8

Digestion, elimination of wasets, heart slows, breathing slows, pupils constrict. parasympathetic division

Front 9

In a sympathetic neuron chain, the preganglionic axon secretes what NT?

Back 9

acetylcholine

Front 10

In a sympathetic neuron chain, the postganglionic axon secretes what NT?

Back 10

Norepinephrine

Front 11

In a sympathetic neuron chain, what is secreted by the adrenal medulla?

Back 11

Epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood stream

Front 12

In a parasympathetic neuron chain, which NT is secreted from both the preganglionic axon and the postganglionic axon?

Back 12

acetylcholine

Front 13

What is the effect of the NT acetylcholine in the somatic nervous system?

Back 13

Always stimulatory. Always causes contraction

Front 14

What are the effect of the NT acetylcholine and norepinephrine in the autonomic nervous system?

Back 14

Stimulatory or inhibitory. Depends on the NT and receptors on the effector organs

Front 15

What kind of effect is bright light causing pupillary constriction?

Back 15

Parasympathetic

Front 16

What kind of effect is dim light causing pupillary dilation?

Back 16

Sympathetic

Front 17

Normal pupil size results from a balance between what two effects?

Back 17

Parasympathetic and sympathetic

Front 18

Which effects are protective?

Back 18

Parasympathetic

Front 19

Which effect can override the other?

Back 19

Parasympathetic can override sympathetic

Front 20

What kind of muscles control the pupillary action?

Back 20

Smooth muscle

Front 21

What is a direct response regarding pupils?

Back 21

Direct response is stimulated pupil constricts

Front 22

What is Consensual response?

Back 22

Opposite (unstimulated) pupil constricts

Front 23

What is good about consensual response?

Back 23

Protects both eyes even if only one is stimulated

Front 24

What is atropine? What does it cause?

Back 24

Atropine is a drug that blocks acetylcholine receptors on sphincter pupillae muscles. Causes eyes to be unable to constrict

Front 25

What is the iris?

Back 25

Colored part of the eye

Front 26

What is the pupil?

Back 26

Pupil is the opening in the iris

Front 27

What is the sphincter pupillae?

Back 27

Sphincter pupillae is the muscle that constricts pupil size

Front 28

What is the dilator pupillae?

Back 28

The Dilator pupillae is the muscle that dilates the pupil size

Front 29

Which type of neurons promote daily functions such as digestion?

Back 29

Parasympathetic motor neurons

Front 30

Which type of neurons have two neurons in series between the CNS and the effector?

Back 30

Both parasympathetic and sympathetic motor neurons

Front 31

Which neurons have preganglionic neurons that secrete acetylcholine?

Back 31

Both parasympathetic motor neurons and sympathetic motor neurons