Human Phys Muscular System Vocabulary

Front 1

A band

Back 1

These are dark bands. They are made of thick myosin filaments which overlap thin actin filaments.

Front 2

Abduction

Back 2

What aliens do. No, just kidding, it's a movement of a body part AWAY from the midline.

Front 3

Actin

Back 3

thin protein filaments that, with myosin, contracts muscle fibers

Front 4

Adduction

Back 4

movment of body part TOWARDS midline

Front 5

All-or-None response

Back 5

Muscle fiber or neuron responding completely when exposed to a stimulus

Front 6

Antagonist

Back 6

Prime Mover Muscle's Enemy, the one that opposes it

Front 7

Contraction

Back 7

In Myofibrils - actin & myosin slide past each other, shortening muscle fiber & pulling on its attachments

Front 8

Dorsiflexion

Back 8

bending foot toward shin

Front 9

Endurance training

Back 9

continuous vigorous exercise req'ing body consumption of O2 & developing muscle's ability to sustain activity for long time

Front 10

Extension

Back 10

Movement increasing angle between parts at join

Front 11

Fascia

Back 11

Sheet of fibrous connective tissue, enclosing a muscle

Front 12

fast fibers

Back 12

Fatigable. In response to strenuous exercise, these fibers produce new filaments of actin & myosin, diameters of muscle fibers increase, entire muscle enlarges

Front 13

fatigue

Back 13

muscle loses ability to contract

Front 14

flexion

Back 14

bending parts of a joint so that the angle between them decreases, & the parts come closer together

Front 15

hypertrophy

Back 15

enlarging of forefully exercised muscles

Front 16

hypothermia

Back 16

subnormal core body temperature below 37° C

Front 17

I-Band

Back 17

light bands - made of thin actin filaments attached to z-line

Front 18

insertion

Back 18

the end of a muscle attached to a moveable part

Front 19

isometric contraction

Back 19

muscle doesn't shorten

Front 20

isotonic contraction

Back 20

same tension/pressure

Front 21

motor neuron

Back 21

neuron that transmits impulses from central nervous system to an effector

Front 22

motor unit

Back 22

motor neuron and its associated muscle fibers

Front 23

muscle impulse

Back 23

Impulse that travels along sarcolemma & down transverse tubules

Front 24

muscle tone

Back 24

the certain amount of sustained contraction occuring when muscle is at rest

Front 25

myofibril

Back 25

contractile fibers within muscle cells

Front 26

myosin

Back 26

protein that w/ myosin contracts& relaxes muscle

Front 27

neurotransmitter

Back 27

chemical that axon end secretes to control another neuron or an effector

Front 28

origin

Back 28

end of muscle that attaches to an immovable part

Front 29

oxygen debt

Back 29

amt of oxygen required after physical exercise to convert accumulated lactic acid to glucose

Front 30

paralysis

Back 30

loss of ability to move a body part

Front 31

peristalsis

Back 31

rhythmic waves of muscular contraction in walls of certain tubular organs

Front 32

plantar flexion

Back 32

bending foot at ankle toward sole

Front 33

posture

Back 33

position of body

Front 34

prime mover

Back 34

muscle responsible for a particular body movement

Front 35

pronation

Back 35

downward or backward rotation of palm or hand

Front 36

rotation

Back 36

movement turning a body part around a central axis

Front 37

sarcomere

Back 37

structural and functional unit of a myofibril

Front 38

slow fibers

Back 38

weak contraction; fatigue resistant. With use,these develop more mitochondria & more extensive capillary networks. size & strength = unchanged

Front 39

stimulus

Back 39

change in environment that triggers a response from an organism or cell

Front 40

supination

Back 40

forearm rotation so palm faces upward when arm is outstretched

Front 41

synergist

Back 41

muscle that assists in action of prime mover

Front 42

tendon

Back 42

cordlike or bandlike mass of white fibrous connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone

Front 43

tetanic contraction

Back 43

continuous, forceful muscular contraction w/o relaxation

Front 44

Threshold stimulus

Back 44

stimulation level that must be exceeded to elecit nerve impulse or muscle contraction

Front 45

tonic contraction

Back 45

special - used for posture

Front 46

twitch

Back 46

brief muscular contraction followed by relaxation

Front 47

z Line

Back 47

where I-bands attach