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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
occipitalis
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origin: occipital bone, mastoid process temporal bone
insertion: galea aponeurotica action: pulls scalp backward function: raises eyebrows, wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally |
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frontalis
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origin: galea aponeurotica
insertion: fascia and skin above eyes and nose action: pulls skull forwards function: raises eyebrows, wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally |
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orbicularis oculi
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origin: frontal bone, medial wall of orbit (on maxilla)
insertion: circular path around orbit returning to origin action: closes eyelids, dilate lacrimal sac and brings lacrimal glands onto surface of eyes function: keeps eyes healthy and moisturised and passes and drains tears |
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orbicularis oris
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origin: muscle fibres surrounding the mouth, skin and muscle fascia of lips
insertion: skin and fascia at corner of mouth action: closes lips, compresses lips against teeth, protrudes and shapes lips during speech function: facial expression involving the lips |
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massetter
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origin: zygomatic arch
insertion: lateral surface of lower mandible action: closes jaw, clenches teeth, assists side to side movement of mandible function: chewing food |
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temporalis
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origin: temporal fossa
insertion: coronoid process and ramus of mandible action: clenches teeth, closes jaw, assists in side movement of mandible, function: chewing food |
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scalenes
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actually three muscles anterior, medius, posterior
origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae insertion: first and second rib action: neck flexion laterally and rotation, also raise first rib during strong inhalation function: primarily muscles of inspiration |
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sterno-cleido-mastoid
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origin: anterior surface of upper sternum, medial third of clavicle
insertion:mastoid process of temporal bone action: flexes neck (both sides contract) draws head forward, raises sternum and ribs during deep inhalation, tilts the heard sideways (one side contracts) , rotates it to opposite side function: turning head to look over shoulder, raising head from pillow |
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platysma
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origin: subcutaneus fascia of upper quarter of chest
insertion: subcutaneus fascia of chin and jaw action: pulls lower lip from corner of mouth downward and laterally function: gives expression of being startled r sudden fright |
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erector spinae (sacrospinalis)
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actually three sets of muscles:
illiocostalis, longissimus, spinalis origin: slips of muscle arising from the sacrum, iliac crest, spinous and transverse processes of vertebrae, ribs insertion: ribs, transverse and spinous processes of vertebrae, occipital bone action: extend and laterally flexes vertebral column, maintain curvature of spine in erect and sitting position function: keeps back straight, maintains posture |
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external intercostals
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origin: lower border of a rib
insertion: upper border of a rib below action: muscles contract to stabilise ribcage, draws ribs superiorly during inhalation function: assists inhalation |
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internal intercostals
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origin: upper border of a rib
insertion: lower border of rib above action: draws ribs inferiorly, stabilising the ribcage function: assists exhalation |
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diaphragm
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origin: lower tip of sternum , lower six ribs and their costal cartilages, upper two or three lumbar vertebrae
insertion: all fibres converge and attach onto a central tendon, this muscle inserts upon itself action: forms floor of thoracic cavity,draws central tendon downwards during inhalation, increasing volume of thoracic cavity function: produces 60% of breathing capacity |
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external obliques
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origin: lower eight ribs
insertion: anterior half of iliac crest and into abdominal aponeurosis action: compresses abdomen function: flexes and twist trunk |
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internal obliques
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origin: iliac crest, lateral two thirds of inguinal ligament, fascia in lower back
insertion: bottom three or four ribs, linea alba via aponeurosis action: compresses abdomen function: flexes and twists trunk |
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transversus abdominis
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origin: anterior two thirds of iliac crest, lateral third of inguinal ligament, costal cartilages of lower six ribs, lower back fascia
insertion: linea alba via abdominal aponeurosis action: compresses abdomen, helping to support the viscera against the pull of gravity function: important during forced expiration, sneezing, coughing,helps maintain good posture |
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rectus abdominis
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origin: pubic crest and sympysis
insertion: base of sternum, fifth, sixth, seventh costal cartilages action: flexes lumbar spine, depresses ribcage, stabilises pelvis during walking function: getting up out of low chairs |
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quadratus lumborum
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origin: iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament
insertion: twelfth rib, transverse processes of upper four lumbar vertebrae (L1-L4) action: laterally flexes vertebral column, helps extend lumbar part of vertebral column, function: lateral stability, aids in expiration |
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ilio psoas
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actually iliacus and psoas major
origin: psoas major; anterior surfaces and lower borders of transverse processes L1 - L5/ iliacus; iliac fossa and crest insertion: lesser trochanter of femur action: main flexor of hip joint, flexes and laterally rotates thigh, flexes the trunk acting from its insertion function: like in going up a step |
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trapezius
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origin: base of skull, occipital bone, spinous processes of seventh cervical (C7) and all thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
insertion: lateral third of clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula action: retraction, superior rotation , elevation and depression of scapula function: extends head |
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levator scapulae
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origin: transverse processes of first three or four cervical vertebrae (C1-C4)
insertion: upper medial border of scapula action: elevates the scapula, function: helps retract scapula, bends neck laterally |
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serratus anterior
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origin: outer surfaces and superior border of upper eight or nine ribs, fascia covering their intercostal spaces
insertion: anterior surface of medial border of scapula and inferior angle of scapula action: protracts scapula( pulls it forward on the ribs closely into the chest wall) function: rotates scapula for abduction and flexion of arm |
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pectoralis minor
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origin:
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