Human Growth Ch.1

Front 1

Development

Back 1

Pattern of movement or change that starts conception and continues throughout lifespan

Front 2

Life-Span Perspective

Back 2

Perspective that development is lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, and plastic. It involves growth, maintenance, and regulation. Constructed through biology.

Front 3

Context

Back 3

Setting in which development occurs and is influenced by historical, economical, social and cultural factors.

Front 4

Normative age-graded influences

Back 4

Biological and environmental influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group

Front 5

Normative history graded influences

Back 5

Biological and environmental influences associated with history

Front 6

Cross-Cultural studies

Back 6

Comparing one culture with another

Front 7

Ethnicity

Back 7

Range of characteristics rooted in cultural, heritage, including nationality, race, religion and language

Front 8

Socio Economic Status

Back 8

Conceptual grouping of people with similar jobs and education

Front 9

Gender

Back 9

Characteristics of male and females

Front 10

Social Policy

Back 10

Governments way of promoting the welfare of citizens

Front 11

Biological Process

Back 11

Change in thought, intelligence, and language

Front 12

Socio emotional Processes

Back 12

Change in emotions, personality, and relationships

Front 13

Stability change issues

Back 13

the debate about the degree to which early traits and characteristics persist through life and change

Front 14

Continuity-discontinuity issue

Back 14

the debate about the degree to which early traits and characteristics persist through life and change.

Stability-change issue

the debate about the extent to which development involves gradual, cumulative change (continuity), or distinct changes (discontinuity).

Front 15

Continuity-discontinuity issue

Back 15

the debate about the extent to which development involves gradual, cumulative change (continuity), or distinct changes (discontinuity).

Front 16

Theory

Back 16

a coherent set of ideas that helps to explain data and to make predictions.

Front 17

Hypotheses

Back 17

assertions or predictions, often derived from theories, that can be tested.

Front 18

Psychoanalytic theories

Back 18

theories holding that development depends primarily on the unconscious mind and is heavily couched in emotion, that behaviors are merely a surface characteristics, that it is important to analyze the symbolic meanings of behavior, and that early experiences are important in development.

Front 19

Erikson's theory

Back 19

a psychoanalytic theory in which eight stages of psychosocial development unfold throughout the life span. Each stage consists of unique developmental tasks that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be faced.

Front 20

Vygotsky's theory

Back 20

a sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development.

Front 21

Information-processing theory

Back 21

a theory emphasizing that individuals manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it. The processes of memory and thinking are central.

Front 22

Behavioral and social cognitive theories

Back 22

theories holding that development can be described in terms of the behaviors learned through interactions with the environment.

Front 23

Social Cognitive Theory

Back 23

The theory that behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors are important in understanding development.

Front 24

Ethology

Back 24

an approach stressing that behavior is strongly influenced by biology, tied to evolution, and characterized by critical or sensitive periods.

Front 25

Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory

Back 25

Bronfenbrenner's environmental systems theory, which focuses on five environmental systems: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem.

Front 26

Eclectic theoretical orientation

Back 26

an approach that selects and uses whatever is considered the best in many theories.

Front 27

Eclectic theoretical orientation

Back 27

an approach that selects and uses whatever is considered the best in many theories.

Front 28

Laboratory

Back 28

a controlled setting in which research can take place.

Front 29

Naturalistic observation

Back 29

observation that occurs in a real-world setting without any attempt to manipulate the situation.

Front 30

Standardize Testing

Back 30

a test that is given with uniform procedures for administration and scoring.

Front 31

Case Study

Back 31

an in-depth examination for an individual

Front 32

Descriptive Research

Back 32

type of research that aims to observe and record behavior

Front 33

Descriptive Research

Back 33

type of research that aims to observe and record behavior

Front 34

Correlation Research

Back 34

a type of research that focuses on describing the strength of the relationships between two or more events or characteristics.

Front 35

Descriptive Research

Back 35

type of research that aims to observe and record behavior

Front 36

Correlation Research

Back 36

a type of research that focuses on describing the strength of the relationships between two or more events or characteristics.

Front 37

Correlation Coefficent

Back 37

a number based on statistical analysis that is used to describe the degree of association between two variables.

Front 38

Experiment

Back 38

A carefully regulated procedure in which one or more of the factors believed to influence the behavior being studied is manipulated and all other factors are held constant. Experimental research permits the determination of cause.

Front 39

Cross Sectional Approach

Back 39

a research strategy in which individuals of different ages are compared at one time.

Front 40

Longitudinal Approach

Back 40

a research strategy in which the same individuals are studied over a period of time, usually several years or more.

Front 41

Cohort Effects

Back 41

effects that are due to a subject's time of birth or generation but not age.