Human Geography Test #4

Front 1

Ethnic Group

Back 1

A group whose members perceive themselves as different from others because of a common ancestry and shared culture.

Front 2

Race

Back 2

A subspecies; a physically distinguishable population with a species.

Front 3

Phenotype

Back 3

Any physical trait or chemical trait that can be observed or measured.

Front 4

Racism

Back 4

A particular form of prejudice. Attributing characteristics of superiority or inferiority to a group of people who share some physically inherited characteristic.

Front 5

Ghetto

Back 5

A residential district in an urban area with a concentration of a particular ethnic group.

Front 6

Chain Migration

Back 6

A process of movement from one location to another through time sustained by social links of kinship or friendship; often results in distinct areas of ethnic settlement in rural urban areas.

Front 7

Assimilation

Back 7

The process by which an ethnic group is absorbed into a larger society and loses its own identiy

Front 8

Acculturation

Back 8

The process by which an ethnic individual or group is absorbed into a larger society while retaining aspects of its distinct identity.

Front 9

Multiculturalism

Back 9

A policy that endorses the right of ethnic groups to remain distinct rather than assimilated into a dominant society.

Front 10

Sexism

Back 10

Attitudes or beliefs that serve to justify sexual inequalities by incorrectly attributing or denying certain capacities either to women or to men.

Front 11

Sexuality

Back 11

In some feminist and psychoanalytic theory, interpreted as a cultural construct rather than as a biological given. Aligned with power and control.

Front 12

Gay Theory

Back 12

Ideas developed in gay and lesbian studies and concerned with oppressed sexualities in terms of both social rights and cultural policies.

Front 13

Nation

Back 13

A group of people sharing a common culture and an attachment to some territory, a term difficult to define objectively.

Front 14

State

Back 14

An area with defined and internationally acknowledged boundaries; a political unit.

Front 15

Nation-State

Back 15

A political unit that contains one principal national group that gives its identity and defines its territory.

Front 16

Soverignty

Back 16

Supreme authority over the territory and population of a state, vested in its government; the most basic right of a state understood as a political community.

Front 17

Imperialism

Back 17

A relationship between states in which one in dominant over the other.

Front 18

Geopolitics

Back 18

The study of the importance of space in understanding international relations

Front 19

Heartland Theory

Back 19

A geopolitical theory of world power based on the assumption that the land-based state controlling the Eurasian heartland held the key to world domination.

Front 20

Geopolitik

Back 20

The study of states as organisms that choose to expand in territory in order to fulfill their destinies as nation-states.

Front 21

Rimland Theory

Back 21

A geopolitical theory of world power based on the assumption that the state controlling area surrounding the Eurasian heartland held the key to word domination

Front 22

Centrifugal Forces

Back 22

In political geography, forces that make it difficult to bind an area together as an effective state; in urban geography, forces that favor the decentralization of urban land uses.

Front 23

Centripetal Forces

Back 23

In political geography, forces that pull an area together as one unit to create relatively a stable state; in urban geography, forces that favour the concentration of urban land uses in a central area.

Front 24

Irredentism

Back 24

The view held by one country that a minority living in a adjacent country rightfully belongs to the first country.

Front 25

Devolution

Back 25

A process of transferring power from central to regional or local levels of government.

Front 26

Core/periphery

Back 26

The concept that states are often unequally divided between powerful cores and dependent peripheries.

Front 27

Democracy

Back 27

A form of government involving free and fair elections, openness and accountability, civil and political rights, and the rule of law.

Front 28

Monarchy

Back 28

The institution of rule over a state by the hereditary head of a family, monarchists are those who favour this system.

Front 29

Oligarchy

Back 29

Rule by an elite group of people, typically the wealthy.

Front 30

Dictatorship

Back 30

An oppressive, anti-democratic form of government in which the leader is often backed by the military.

Front 31

Anarchism

Back 31

A political philosophy that rejects the state and argues that social order is possible without a state.

Front 32

Maoism

Back 32

The revolutionary thought and practice of Mao Zedong, based on protracted revolution to achieve power and socialist policies after power is achieved.

Front 33

Federalism

Back 33

A form of government in which power and authority are divided between central and regional government.

Front 34

State Apparatus

Back 34

The institutions and organizations through which the state exercises its power.

Front 35

Public Goods

Back 35

Goods that are freely available to all or that are provided (equally or unequally) to citizens.

Front 36

Gerrymandering

Back 36

The realignment of electoral boundaries to benefit a particular political party.

Front 37

Malapportionment

Back 37

A form of gerrymandering, involving the creation of electoral districts of varying population sizes so that one party will benefit.

Front 38

Cold War

Back 38

The period of confrontation without direct military conflict between Western (led by the US) and Communist (led by the USSR) powers that began shortly after the end of World War II and lasted until the early 1990s.