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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Four aspects of the role of towns and cities in human economic and social organization
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-Mobilizing function
-Decision-making capacity -Generative functions -Transformative capacity |
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Urban System
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Any interdependent set of urban settlements within a given region.
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Urban Geography
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The study of urban geography is concerned with the development of towns and cities around the world, with particular reference to the similarities and differences both among and within urban places.
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Urban Form
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Refers to the physical structure and organization of cities in their land use, layout, and built environment.
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Urban Ecology
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Is the social and demographic composition of city districts and neighborhoods.
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Urbanism
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describes the way of life fostered by urban settings, in which the number, physical density, and variety of people often result in distinctive attitudes values, and patterns of behavior.
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Feudalism
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A rigid, rurally oriented form of economic and social organization based on the communal chiefdoms of Germanic tribes that had invaded the disintegrating Roman empire.
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Gateway cities
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Serve as a link between one country or region and others because of their physical situation.
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Shock city of 19th century European industrialization
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Manchester, England
Grew from 15000 in 1730 to 70000 in 1801 |
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shock city
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seen at the time as the embodiment of surprising and disturbing changes in economic, social, and cultural life.
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Shock city of North America in 19th-20th century?
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Chicago
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Cumulative Causation
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in which a spiral buildup of advantages is enjoyed by particular places as a result of the development of external economies, agglomeration effects, and localization economies.
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Colonial Cities
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Cities that were deliberately established or developed as administrative or commercial centers by colonial or imperial powers.
Pure colonial city- established where no significant urban settlement had previously existed |
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Central Place
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a settlement in which certain types of products and services are available to consumers.
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Central Place Theory
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Central place theory seeks to explain the tendency for central places to be organized in hierarchical systems analyzing the relative size and geographic spacing of towns and cities as a function of consumer behavior.
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Rank-Size Rule
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The rank-size rule describes a certain statistical regularity in the city-size distributions of countries and regions.
The nth largest city in a country or region is 1/n the size of the largest city in that country or region. |
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Primacy
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Primacy occurs when the population of the largest city in an urban system is disproportionately large in relation to the second – and third – largest cities in that system.
London is more than 9 times as large as Birmingham. London is considered a "primate" city |
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Centrality
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When cities’ economic, political, and cultural functions are disproportionate to their population, the condition is known as centrality.
Do not necessarily have to be primate cities. |
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Overurbanization
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occurs when cities grow more rapidly than they can sustain jobs and housing. In such cases, urban growth produces instant slums.
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Squatter settlements
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are residential developments on land that is neither owned nor rented by its occupants.
Can account for 1/3-3/4 of the population of major cities. In Sub-saharan africa, more than 70% of the population lives in slums. |
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Megacities
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very large cities characterized by both primacy and a high degree of centrality within their national economy.
Most number 10million or more in population. Bangkok, Manila |
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Informal Sector
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of an economy involves a wide variety of economic activies whose common feature is that they take place beyond official record and are not subject to formalized systems or regulation or remuneration.
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Counterurbanization
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occurs when cities experience a net loss of population to smaller towns and rural areas.
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Reurbanization
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Trend involving the growth of population in metropolitan central cores following a period of relative or absolute decline in population.
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CBDs are usually surrounded by ______________
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Zones in transition. Because of it's mixture of growth, change, and decline.
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Invasion and succession
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Is the process off neighborhood change whereby one social or ethnic group succeeds another in a residential area.
This displaced group will invade another area, creating over time a rippling process of change throughout the city. |
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Multiple-Nuclei model
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-Harris and Ullman
-Describes how American cities began to develop a patchwork of land uses across which there is a loose functional order. -Uniquely American |
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Edge cities
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Decentralized clusters of retailing and office development, often located on an axis with a major airport, sometimes adjacent to a high-speed rail station, and always linked to an urban freeway system.
you can get everything you’d get in the business sector of a major city here |
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Metroburbia
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THe way that residential settings ins suburban and exurban areas are thoroughly interspersed with office employment and high-end retailing.
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solution to the problem of urban sprawl?
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Smart Growth
However, it's not working very well. |
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Central Cities
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the original, core jurisdictions of metropolitan areas.
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Fiscal Squeeze
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occrs when increasing limitations on tax revenues combine with increasing demands for expenditures on urban structure and city services.
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Beaux Arts
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takes its name from L'Ecole des Beaux Arts school in paris. Idea was that new buildings would blend artfully with the older palaces, cathedrals and civic buildings that dominate European city centers.
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Modern Movement
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Base on the idea that buildings and cities should be designed and run like machines.
-Urban design should not just reflect dominant social and cultural values, but create a new social and cultural order. |
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Jami
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Principle Mosque in an Islamic city
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Kasbah
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Citadel (fortress)
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Suqs
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street markets.
-one of the most important distinguishing features of an islamic city. -The suqs near the Jami usually specialize in high quality goods. Those nearer the gate feature bulkier and less valuable goods. -Every line of business has its own alley |
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Ahya'
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Residential districts around suqs
-organized according to occupation, ethnicity, tribal affliation, or religious sect. |
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________________is central to the construction of an Islamic city.
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Privacy, especially that of women
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Underemployment
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When people work less than full time even though they would prefer to work more hours.
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Dualism
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juxtaposition in geographic space of formal and informal sectors of the economy
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