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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the mode of analysis in geography? |
Spatial perspective |
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What is the Structural definition for a cultural landscape? |
Focus on human imprint on physical landscape, aka "built environment" which is shaped by cultural values and traditions |
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What is the Post-Structural definition for a cultural landscape? |
Cultural landscape is a space or stage upon which human struggles and discourse are carried out, shaped by gender, class, age, power |
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Name the 5 unifying themes in geography |
Location Place and Space Nature/Society Relations Movement Regions
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Name the kinds of location |
Absolute- on a map, like latitude and longitude Relative- relative to another location |
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Describe expansion diffusion |
Hierarchical- idea moves slowly via word-of-mouth Contagious- an idea becomes known to many people in a short amount of time |
Hierarchical Contagious |
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Define regions |
Regions are a bounded segment of homogeneity in earth space, human constructions |
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What is an instituted region? |
Instituted regions are created by an authority (eg government/business).They are usually are accepted by everyone, clearly demarcated, and consist of nested hierarchies (city-county-state) |
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What is a denoted region? |
Created by academics to reduce the complexity of the real world via classification Formal: homogeneous, not open to debate Functional: places in region are tied to one central place by movement of people, ideas, things |
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What is a perceptual region? |
Created informally. Boundaries are perceived, continuously changing because they are subjectively defined by perceptions |
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What are the characteristics of a mini-system? |
Small geographic area and population
Many in history (tribes) Use barter system (reciprocal lineage) |
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What are the characteristics of a world-empire? |
Larger geographic area and population Few in history Defined by feudalism (re distributive-tributary) |
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What are the characteristics of a world-economy? |
Huge in size and population Only one in history Defined by capitalism (money exchange) |
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What are the features of capitalist world-economy? |
Single world market operating within capitalist logic (goal of ceaseless accumulation) World market is split into state systems which creates competition Three-tiered structure of stratification (core, semiperiphery, periphery) |
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What are the characteristics of core states? |
-High income and standard of living -Low population growth -Stable government and large military -Most work in service sector |
Standard of Living Pop. Growth Government Employment |
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What are the characteristics of semiperipheral states? |
-Middle standard of living and income -Economies focused on industry and manufacturing -Small but growing service sector (mostly outsourcing from core) -Intense class struggles -Major players in globalization -Globalization upsetting traditional ways of life |
Standard of Living Pop. Growth Government Employment Ways of life |
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What are the characteristics of peripheral states? |
-Low income and standard of living -Economies focused on agriculture, mostly subsistence farming and exports to core -Usually weak, ineffectual, often corrupt governments -High population growth |
Standard of Living Pop. Growth Government Employment |
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What is the Neolithic Revolution? |
Agriculture, domestication of plants and animals |
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How, When, and Why did the Neolithic Revolution occur? |
How- independent invention of agriculture in different areas of the world When- 8000-12000 BC Why- Unknown stressor (climate change, overpopulation) |
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What changes did the Neolithic Revolution bring about? |
-City-state as the basic political unit -Eventually created feudalism -Written language, calendars -Organized military and labor force -Significant population increase |
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What is the Merchant-Capitalist Revolution |
Capitalist production and trade heavily based on long-distant sea trade of agricultural products (coffee, sugar)from tropical areas |
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How, When, and Why did the Merchant-Capitalist Revolution occur? |
How- Innovative new sailing technology When- Appx. 1400 Why- The Black Death caused feudalism to become nonviable. Labor became scarce, peasants became powerful, eventually forming a middle class |
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What changes did the Merchant-Capitalist Revolution bring about? |
-Emergence of middle class -Rapid technological innovation -Increased use of inanimate sources of energy (coal, water, wind) -Creation of European-centered world-economy, Europe as core state -Brought era of colonialism |
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What is the Industrial Revolution? |
Rise of economies focused on heavy industry and manufacturing |
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How and When did the Industrial Revolution occur? |
-Technological innovation -Started in England in the mid-18th century |
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What changes did the Industrial Revolution bring about? |
-Labor-saving production modes, increasing productivity -Urban-centered, low-wage, low-skilled proletariat -Assembly line production -Increased wealth of core states |
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What is the Postmodern Revolution? |
Today's world of internet and computers |
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How and When, did the Postmodern Revolution occur? |
-Invention of personal computers -1970s |
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What changes is the Postmodern Revolution bringing about? |
-Globalization -Highly specialized jobs, decentralized production -Rapid technological innovation -Restructuring of economy- place-based division of labor |
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Name some major themes of Postmodern expression. |
-Deconstruction -No absolute truths -Rejection of order |
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What is the traditional definition of culture? |
Distinctive way of life that distinguishes one group of people from another, like language, beliefs, institutions, technology, traditions |
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What is the post-structural definition of culture? |
A process that shapes values and traditions, which differs from person to person based on age, gender, ethnicity, etc. |
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What are the characteristics of a folk culture? |
-Small, Rural -Homogeneous in customs and traditions -Conservative, based heavily on tradition -Weak social stratification -Nonmaterial traits (stories, religions) are more important than material traits (technology, institutions) -Economies based on subsistence farming |
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What are the characteristics of a popular culture? |
-Large, heterogeneous population -Constantly changing, influenced by fads, mass communication -Goods are mass produced -Secular institutions (governments, corporations) control fads more than anything else -More standardized |
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What are hip hop music's origins |
-DJing- origins from Jamaican street parties -MCing- rapping during drum breaks- Jamaican -Break dancing- refers to dancing during drum breaks- Jamaican |
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Name the characteristics of Old School Hip Hop |
-1970-1983 -largely apolitical -simple rapping techniques -sampling- using popular hooks from funk and disco -mainly east coast |
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Name the characteristics of the Golden Age of Hip Hop |
-1983-1998 -Much more political -Often combined with other genres -Afrocentric themes -Emergence of new zones of hip hop- East coast/West coast feud |
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Name the characteristics of Postmodern Hip Hop |
-International phenomenon -Postmodernist themes- collage, deconstruction -Increased use of traditional African American genres- blues, rock, gospel, jazz -Further politicization |
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