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119 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of these statements would a scholar of political ecology most likely disagree with?
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Both: Nature primarily shapes human society; humans have little ability to change nature, and all societies around the world will have a similar experience of climate change.
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Which of these societies consumes the most water per capita?
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U.S
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Schools have played a leading role in the suppression of indigenous languages and identity
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True.
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“The case of the Sons of Gandhi demonstrates that societies adopt other societies’ cultural practices and symbols in the course of globalization, but they do so in a place-specific way. Local communities reinterpret those symbols according to their own identities, experiences, and needs.”
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Transfromationalist
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Which of these does NOT describe usual conditions under which languages decline or go extinct?
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Languages go extinct only when the last member of a culture dies.
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According to the film The Waterlords, communities in southern Spain…
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...are likely to experience increasing droughts due to climate change.
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Cultural geographers define territoriality as...
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...the specific attachment of a group or an individual to a location.
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Graffiti is a clear example of....
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....expression of cultural identity in space
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All of the ethnic groups absorbed during the expansion of Russia and the Soviet Union now have their own sovereign states.
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False
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Buddhism is practiced all over the world, but South Asia is its....
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Cultural Hearth.
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Population is the most important factor in determining a society’s impact on the environment.
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False.
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In the film The Waterlords a “water-tower” society is one that…
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… is in a geographic area with a good water supply, but my struggle with other societies over claims to that supply.
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Hausa and Swahili are…
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Among the African languages spoken by the greatest number of people and African languages that grew and spread as trade languages to facilitate commerce across their respective regions
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Which of these examples represents a strengthening of state sovereignty?
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None above
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A/an ____ is an ideal form consisting of a homogeneous group of people governed by their own state.
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Nation State
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The majority of the world’s adherents to the Catholic faith live in Europe.
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False.
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Cultural geographers would categorize rites of passage like bar/bat mitzvah and First Communions as…
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cultural traits.
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As discussed in the segment on NPR, the sons of Gandhi is…
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… a group of Brazilian labor activists who advocated peace and march in the carnival parade dressed as Mahatma Gandhi.
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Which of these statements would political geographers likely DISAGREE with?
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Political borders based on natural features such as rivers are inevitable and permanent.
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The 1997 Kyoto Protocol climate change treaty held all tiers of the world system equally responsible for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
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False
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How do geographers think about nature?
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Nature is integrated into human systesm, not separated.
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How does poltical and economic process and the environement correlate?
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Political and economic processes shape and is shaped by the environment.
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What is an example of how political ecnomic processes shape the envrionment? How are they shaped by the environment?
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The environment is shaped by those processes through environmental protects. The environment shapes where people develop, thus thier political and economic processes.
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What are additional factors (besides political and economical processes) that shape the environment?
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poverty and affluence.
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What is poltical ecology?
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human and environment relations can be understood only by relating patterns of resources use to poltical and economic forces.
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What are poor countries doing in the fight against climate change?
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they are playing a proactive role to develop their resources.
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Who was Wangari Maathai and Vandara Shiva? What did they do?
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Both environmental activitist. Wangari Maathau worked in the Kenya's Greenbelt movement; trees planint to develop human and natural resources while empowering women. Vandara Shiva advocates for traditional agricultre and is critizal of the global food system.
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What was the worry in the 60s and 70s about populations and environment?
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Population in the periphery will impact the environment.
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What is IPAT? What does it determine? What is Paul's new view?
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Impact= Population (Affluence)(Technology). Extremely hard to determine. Paul's new thing is asking if there is too many rich people?
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What is virtual Water?
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water emmbeded in the population of food and other items we consume. A new car=40,000 gallons.
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What are the different scales of water?
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Body: water quality and health.
Housegold: water gathering labor; uses of practices are learned in the house (women/girls responsible for gathing water from distant sources). Local: uneven availablity across regions;protective regulations. National: uneven availability cross regions; protective regualtions. International/global: sharing or disputing waterways that cross borders. cores tend to use more water than the periphery. |
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What is the water struggle of Israel/ Palenstine?
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they are fighting of sacred water.
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What is the water struggle in the US?
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Productions in dry states dependent upon irrigations. States have made agreements upon sharing the water. but now the agreements are being strained because of droughts. KS and NB are going to the supreme court over it.
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What is the struggle in Bolivia?
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1998 they were given loans, but people had to concerns about corruption and poor access. Bolivia was forced to private their water system. this double and tripled water rates when multinational corperations Bechtel proposed a dam, but there were protest. Bechtel was forced out, and people still have poor access.
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How do South Africans challenge the government’s water policies?
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It is a right, by law, that everyone should have water. However, the government puts a limit of water per household. People have protested for more water.
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What happened to Lesotho because of its role as South Africa’s “Water Tower”?
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Lestho is a neighboring country to South Africa, and has plenty of water. They started to sell the water to South Africa, but people said it was too cheap. South Africa attacked them. They became the Water tower because they were the distribution of the water supplies.
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What is likely to happen to different regions’ water access as a result of the climate change in Spain?
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North Spain= abundant of water. South, more like a desert. As climate change worsens, then the affects of this will become even worse.
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What was the plan to tap the Ebro (river) for Southern Spain controversial?
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They were planning of changing the river path, but it was controversial because the northern though there water was being stolen away from them, and they will lose profit.
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How did countries along the Nile distribute water up in the past?
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The past has been peaceful. The water was shared equally.
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How are countries like Sudan and Ethiopia changing the water of the Nile today?
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Recently Sudan and Ethiopia have been building dams because of China’s investment in hydropower. So, other countries that rely on the water that passes through those countries. So, this is causing some drama-mama.
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Why is Norway’s position “privileged” and how does this affect controversies over water there?
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They were privileged because they have tons of water that they are using to make hydroelectricity.
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Why do some people think damming the rivers is a problem in Norway?
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They think by building dams, it will disturb the natural beauty of the land.
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What is India’s “River Link Plan”? And, what does it aim to do?
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It is suppose to connect all 37 rivers into one so it is one river that will help control the monsoon floods.
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How has the plan become “tangled up in other issues namely conflicts among other states and regions like, Kashmir?
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Between India and Pakistan, Kashmir wants more water, but this might lead to less water supplies than they have.
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What is climate change? How is it caused?
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any significant change in measures of climate lasating for an external period of time. Caused by greenhouses gases (CO2, methane) being trapped in the atmosphere.
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___ of the top scientists in the field believe climate change is happening and is anthropogenic.
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97%
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How is climate change impacting people on the global scale? What are some policies have they tried to implement?
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Sea level rises, surface temp. rising, loss of glaciers. Kyoto protocol, intergovernmental panel.
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How is climate change impacting people on the local scale? What are some policies have they tried to implement?
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high latitudes, small island developing states. low altutudes, poor areas. policies, transit, energey efficiency, adaptation.
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Kyoto Protocol 1997: What is it? Why did they choose to do it that way? Did it succeed?
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Global Climate Change treaty; only core nations were rquired to reduce greenhouse gas emmisions. Their rational for it was the core countries could afford to make changes, and bear a greater responsibilty for past emmisions. But, it failed because Austrailia and the U.S, the biggest emitters. Austrailia didnt sign until 2008. U.S never signed.
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What is going to happen if climate change isn't slowed?
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Small island developing states.
Public health experts argue that the periphery is less prepared to deal with consquences of climate change. |
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What was the Copenhagen Convention?
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Dec. 2009. the poor countries walked out to protest.
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Who are the Sons of Gandhi at the Carnival?
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Labor activist descent from West African enslaved people. they believe in Gandhia's philosophy.
“ They unite international elements and transform them into something local, something profoundly Brazilian” |
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What does the optmisit globalist think?
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Global village
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What does the pessismistic think?
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americanization, homogenizations, and lost of distinct culture.
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What does the internationalist think?
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deep historic roots of globaization, recieved cultures are already a mix.
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What does a transformationalist think?
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reinterpretations of cultural form in a place-specific way.
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What does a mixed bag mean?
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Cultural Globalization has exposed "inhabitants of both fast and slow wolrd to a common set of products, symbols, myths, memories, events, cult figures, landscape, and tradition.
Remember, it is an (uneven) two way street. Local responses take many forms. |
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What is culture?
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shared set of meaning that is lived through materials and sumbolic practices of everyday life.
Cultural has enduring, and dynamic elements that is expressed at many scales. it is always changing. |
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How is culture and geography related?
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places provide settings for cultural practices.
It distrubutions of cultural traits and systems over space. Diffusion of culture through space. idenity and territoriality. setting, distrubtion, diffusion, identity and territoriality. |
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What are cultural traits?
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a single aspect of a group's complex of routine practices.
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What is cultural relgion?
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an area or territory with a particular cultural system.
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What are the 4 most popular relgions?
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Christianity.
Islam Nonrelgious Hinduism. |
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Culture changes _______
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Geography.
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What is a cultural hearth?
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a geographic orgin sites of ideas, innocvations, or ideology.
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What is cultural diffusion?
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the spread of cultural innovations to new locations.
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How is relgions diffused? How long does it take? Where do they start? What happens when a culture diffusions
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it is a long process, (over millennias). the four most popular relgions spread from 4 small hearths. the means of diffusion is diaspora, conquest, missionixing, conversion.
the indigenous religion is transformed or lost. |
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What is syncretism? What is an example?
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the mixing of two distinct (often contrary cultural forms). Santeria is the relgion of mixing Catholicism, west african, and indigenous latin america religions. Thier priest communicates with sprits and Cathloc saints preforming healing rites to protect the believers from hexes.
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How many languages are there in the world and what is the rate of extinction?
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7,000 languages, 1 every two weeks.
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What do the linguistics worry will be lost as langauges go extinct?
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the different way the wrold is seen
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why do areas with histories of colonixation have a high risk of langauge endangerment?
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languages are disocurage. children pick up the language that is the popular one. the native language is look down upon.
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What happen in Siberia as the Russian empure expanded into the region?
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Russian is a killer langauge because it wiped out hte native siberian langauge when they invaded that area.
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What are people's attitudes towards the Chulym people? How does this affect the language?
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they are seen as weak. if they are outcasted, they won't continue the langauge?
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What role do schools play in the loss of indeigenous languages? What happens to the kids when they speak their language? How has the U.S supress Native tongue?
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the kids are force to speak the common language, so it suppress the other language. Native Americans were punished for speaking their languages.
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How is langauge important to identify for ingdigenous communities?
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its apart of thier culture and idenity if the themselves.
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How are languages like Sora at a disvantage?
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They are constanly fighting to stay alive because majority of their speakers are force to learn another language to communicate.
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What are the linguists so excited about the Sora numeirical system?
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It is unique because it is a different way of counting. combines 12 and 20 instead of a 10 base.
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Why do the linguistics think language in Bolivia could be importnat for knowledge of medicine and biodiversity?
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to discover other biodiversity that is unknown to western culture.
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How does the linguists share their research results communities?
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they show the people videos of them talking because it shows them the imporantce of thier language and to keep it alove. they also have never seen themselves on video.
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What does the hip-hop nation represent cultural diffusion and territoriality?
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Other cultures are diffusing with US hip hop style, and inventing them in a different way.
terrirotialty: people have specific attachments to a location. rapping is marking space and belonging somewhere. |
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What is identity? How does this relate to geography?
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the sense that people make themselves and ther group.
Place is crucible for the formation of identities, and place is also the expression of their identities. |
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What is language/
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language is an element of identiy, a system of symbols, the basis of communication.
it is also a marker of ethniticity and geographic territory. |
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How has globaization affect langauge?
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many languages have developed to deal with commerce. Sqahili and Hausa for examples.
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How has colonization influence language?
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Colonialism has introduce European languages. Colonials also split ethnic/ langauge groups. The newly independent states try to implace a single language to unite the nation and simple governance. but they suprresion other languages in the process.
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How has globalization affect trade?
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There is a spread of american products. AMerican productes are seen as a status symbol. This affect the local consumers, and local produces can't compete.
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What is geopolitics? What are some examples?
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the state's power to control space or terrioty or national resources or shape foreign policy of indivisual states and international political relations.
EX: Russia's quest for warm water ports. nile issues. |
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What do geo politics believe about nature?
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natiosn and the like social contrsucts are not natural but created through social relations.
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What are territories? What are borders?
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the delimited area over which a state exercises control and which is recongized by other states. Borders are what demlimits territories.
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What is permeablity and impermeabilty in relation to borders? What are some examples?
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the ability to corss a border or not. Borders control the flow fo goods, people, and money.
permablity: Canada with paper and maybe a plant. impermeablity: NK and SK strict boundaries. |
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How has technology influence border control?
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tighten up with technology components/ especially since the new rise of terriorism.
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What are some options when dividing borders? Why is it a social process?
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Diving borders often are through natural. EX of the Tijuana River between Southern. Cali and Mexico. Some others are straight lines. It is a social process, and it is apart of politics.
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What is sovereignty?
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the exercise fo state power over people and territory, recogonized by other states and international laws; each state has a right to government themselves and their people.
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Which world views believe that globalization have erode state's sovereighnty?
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Transformationalist and pessimistic.
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How has NAFTA ruin sovereignty?
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Foriegn Companies can sue government over public health and environmental laws. The gas company is legally allow to still work in the US because of NAFTA, even though it is harmful to Cali's resistences.
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How has the World Bank/IMF ruin sovereignty?
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Force people to privatize systems against their will because they want the money.
EX: bolvian water, and Zimbabwe's hospitals. |
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What is an example of a nation without a State
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the First Nations in Canada, and Quebecois.
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How do states bind disparate nations?
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when expanding states, they try to bind disparate natiosn by force, soft power, or different state arrangements.
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What is federalism? What are some federal nations?
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to be represent, having power within there state. EX: the first Nations.
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What are unitary states? What usually happens to the people? What is the diversity within the state?
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they try to concentrate power centrally; often violently. some states plant seeds of resentment by prvileging certain groups over others. Cultural regions are not homogeneous.
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What is Kurdistan? How were they treated? What do they want?
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A nation without a state. IRaw, Turkey, Iran, Syria. They were seen as outsiders and had difficultires being recognized as a nation from the Iraq governemnt. Some want dereralism within their own state.
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What is citizenship?
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a category of belonging to a nation-state that includes civil polticals and social rights.
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Nation -states do not___________.
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exist. it is an ideallic situation.
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How are modern states different from each other but still function?
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They create a imagined community and a sense of nationalism?
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What is nationalism?
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the feeling of belonging to a nation, as weel as belief of the nation's sovereignty.
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_____ is opposite from _______.
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Unity is opposite from federalist.
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What happened in Russia from 1462 to 1914?
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The Muscovy state expanded from a small terrioty around Moscow, and spread across Russia, (1/7 of the land). In the process, it absorbed many other states. They did it through a unitary style, which was violent.
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What happened in Russia in 1917?
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Each nation was given some federalism, and they were recongized by the Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR). However, the SSr tried to create an common idea of "international worker identity"
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What happened in Russia in 1924?
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Stalin adopeted a more unitary syle, and expanded the state to other states in WWII.
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Why did the International worker idea work in Russia? Why or Why not? How did they try to achieve this imagined community?
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no because they forced it on them through the Space Race and partipating in the Olympics. It had an inverse reaction.
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What is has been the recent history of Russia?
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Thye have had a political and economicn reform. they are more nationalist.
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What is an example of how the borders of states and nations cross?
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Osstia is currently apart of Georgia, but they want to be seperated.
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Why is a nation not necessarily good?
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because they can be exclusive.
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What is imperialism? Why do people invade?
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the extension of state authority over the political and economic life of other territories. The states want new labor and resources. This may or may not be formal.
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What is colonialism?
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a formal establish and maintenance of rule by a sovereign power over a foriegn population through creation of settlement.
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What do the current African state lines reflect?
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the new states have presevered colonial legacy and boundaries and power relations.
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What do geographers believe about bounders and ethnic difference?
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that national lines and ethnic difference dont create conflict, its the power that goes with the lines.
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The Africa state lines didnt orginial reflect....
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ethno-national territores. these lines were made my coloninist. not by the people.
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What has happened in Rwanda Pre WW1, After WWII, 1954,1964, and the major ecent in 1994?
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- Pre: WWI: Tutsi and Hutu people got along.
- After WWII: Belgians privileged Tutsi and Hutu. - Belgian than switch their views and 1959 the Hutu’s were honored. They pulled out in 1964. - 1994: Civil War, genocide, refugees was caused because of the hatred between the two ethnic groups. |
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What is genocide?
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the deliberate and systematic killing of poeple based on their ethnicity, nationality,race or relgion, or politcs.
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What is the history between the tensions of Palenstine and Isreal.
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- British colonialism in Palestine limited immigrants, especially during the Holocaust.
- There was a Jewish national movement towards a Zionist state. - Israel created, Zionist moved in, Palestinians were forced out. - Israel gained land and control of the land that originally set out for Palenstine. - Currently, there is a need to create two states. But they haven’t settled it because of Jerusalem is Holy territory. - Israel is made settlements that have ruined the landscape. Which is adding tension. The UN disapproves of these settlements. |
