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132 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which region is currently considered part of the core of the global economy but used to be part of the periphery?
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U.S
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Prior to 1800, Europe, China, and India shared several similarities. Which of the following statements about those similarities is FALSE?
All three regions… |
used tariffs to protect their domestic textile industries.
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The idea that places are interdependent means that individual places are.
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Connected to event and processes around them
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Which of the following statements would you expect a transformationalist to make?
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Globalization is a highly uneven process; some people and places will benefit from the process, but there is likely to be increased inequality
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Which of the following is an example of a push factor for migration?
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Social conflict
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Which of these statements about Haiti’s history in the world system is False?
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In 2010, France repaid $22 billion to Haiti in forgiveness of debt it had forced upon Haiti after its 18004 revolution.
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The demographic transition model was based on the experience of...
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Western European Countries
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According to which perspectives on globalization, communications technology will foster a ‘global village’ of culture...
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Optimistic globalist
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In the equation, “P1 = P0 + NI + NM” NM =
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Immigration minus emigration.
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Which is the following was true of the Americas’ relationship with Europe after 1492?
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Both the British colonies became a captive market for British manufactured goods, and Americas allowed Europe to dramatically expand access to natural resources and land for growing food and fiber.
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Human geography is best described as the….
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Study of interactions between people and place, in all their complexity and study of why and how places come to be as they are .
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According to the world system theory, core regions of the world system…
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Dominate and set the rules of the world trade.
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A population pyramid with a broad base most likely represents a country…
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That is experiencing rapid population growth.
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Which migration term best describes Filipino contract workers in Dubai?
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International voluntary migration
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Total fertility rate is defined as…
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The average number of children a woman in a given society will bear during her reproductive years.
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Which migration term best describes suburbanization in the US?
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Internal voluntary
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True or False: Young Brazilian professionals are currently flocking to Portugal and Spain where the economy is growing much faster than in their home country.
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False
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Which of these is the clearest example of a population policy in use by a government today?
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Requiring that employers allow new parents leave from work.
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Which of the following was NOT an important factor that helped propel Europe’s demographic transition?
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The state forced families to limit births
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Which of these do geographers believe to be the main reason for falling birth rates in the 1990s in the former Soviet/Eastern block countries?
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Couples decided against having children because of bleak economic prospects
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Describe the situation with the Aymara's new hip-hop style?
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People in a small area of Bolivia are dealing with the issues of their life using their native language, Aymara. In a way, they are copying Americas Culture, but they are putting their on spin on it.
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What is outsourcing, and insourcing? What was though to be the benefit of outsourcing? Does America insource, or outsource now? How about in the past?
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Outsourcing: searching for employs from other countries for cheaper labor, cheaper site, and avoid environmental and labor laws.
Insourcing: to stay within the country of their market. People are starting to insource currently because of the cost, and difficulties of managing the company across seas. But, the big high was during the 1970s where everyone was working on the factory line. |
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What is globalization?
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The increasing interconnectedness of the different parts of the world through common processess and economic, environmental, political, and cultural change.
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What is interdependence?
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A two way street connecting different places and different scales. (usually uneven)
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How are places define? How do they structure our daily lives? How are they constraining?
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Places are defined as being complex, dynamic, and interconnected. They structure our daily lives by socialization (how we adapt to society) , identity formation, innovation and resistance.
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State how the Place of suburbs: affect your daily life, socialized, identity, and is dynamic
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Suburbs people might get less exercise cause they are driving. It is a viewed as a good place to raise a child. The identity can be either open or closed. And, it changes by the prices of houses based on the market.
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What is scale?
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is all levels are interconnected, not as much as a hierarchy. World, state, city, and body.
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How is the inner harbor be described as scale, place, and interconnectedness?
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The Inner harbor was a place of blue collar jobs in the 19th century, but now a form of tourism and consumption. The place changed in response to pressure form the trends across the world (outsourcing, and new focus on tourism)
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How is Iceland, China, and U.S debt crisis reflects the ideas of interconnectedness?
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U.S banks gave loans to people who could not pay for homes, so they burrowed money from China. China was struggling since they didn't get their money back. But, while the high was still high, Iceland invested in it, but they also lost all their money
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Is interconnectedness a positive or negative change?
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Debatable. Positive and Negatives of both.
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What is the quinoa debate? How does it represent interconnectedness? What are the scales in this example?
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Bolivia crops is desired across the world. This has risen prices because quinoa can only grow there. So, the locals, who used to rely on the food, can't afford it, so are starting to buy western food. This shows how the world is interconnectedness because the westerns and the Bolvias collide. The scales are the world because of the spread across countries with the trade of quinoa, person is that the natives are starting to gain weight.
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What are the four dimension of globalization? What does it mean?
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SLLL: they define globalization.
1. Stretch networks of social relations. 2. Intensification of flow (money, people, idea, and things) through these networks. 3. Interpenetration of societies at many scales. 4. The rise of global infrastructure. |
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4 Dimension of Globalization: what is the S?
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Stretch networks of social relations. which is connections to places you've never been. EX: consuming items that have been manufactured in other countries.
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4 Dimension of Globalization: what is the 1st I?
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Intensification of flow (money, people, ideas) through these networks. The physical movement pf physical items.
EX: spanish speaking people living in Florida, which creates the spanish ads. |
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4 Dimension of Globalization: what is the 2nd I?
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Interpenetration of societies at many scales. all scales are connected.
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4 Dimension of Globalization: what is the 3rd I?
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The rise of global infrastructure. Supranational Organization. EX: United Nations.
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What are the perspectives of Globalization? What are the 4?
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Optimistic Globalist, Pessimistic, Globalist, Internationalists, Transformationalist.
they are how people feel about globalization |
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What does the optimistic globalist believe in?
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Believe that globalization is unprecedented, inevitable, and an overal good thing.
- places are dissolving - global governance and free trade will spread technology and prosperity. - "Global Village" EX: Thomas Friedman, the World is Flat. |
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What does the pessimistic globalist believe in?
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Believe that it is unprecedented, inevitable, and a abd thing.
-places, states are dissolving - Westernization or Americanization threatens local culture. EX: benjamin Barber Jihad vs. McWorld. |
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What do internationalist believe in?
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They are skeptics.
- Current globalization merely continues past trends - States are not declining, important players on global stage. - Regional ties (Europe and East Asia) are more important than global ones. |
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What are some examples in history of globalization that help support internationalists theory?
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-Colonialism
- Silk Road Trade. |
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What do Transformationalist believe in?
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Current globalization is unprecedented, but it is not inevitable.
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What is BRICK? Who does it represent?
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Brazil, Russia, India, China, and Korea.
Current Periphery countries that are growing almost to a core. |
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What is the World System Theory?
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an interdependent system of countries linked by political and economical competition. Interdependence is always uneven.
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Interdependence is always.....
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uneven.
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What is the core? what are some characteristics? What are some examples?
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Core sets the rule of trade, wealth flows to the core from other tiers. EX: U.S western Europe, Canada. Characteristics: capital intensive productions, high political influence, control of advance of technology, high infrastructure. high wages, and diverse economy.
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What is the semi-periphery? what are some examples? what are some characteristics?
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Both dominates and is dominated. This tier is the flux.
EX: BRICK. Characteristics: some areas of growth and capital insentive productions. Economic growth, high levels of equalities. |
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What is the periphery? What are some examples? What are some examples?
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Periphery is the people who are dominated by the core. EX: Nigeria, Bolivia, Mexico. Low labor, limited political power, narrow economic based, high poverty, lack of infrastured, lack of access technology.
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What is urbanization? Why was it appealing?
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Moving to centralized areas. Poeple wanted to move to these areas to be where the action was happening, and jobs.
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Where were urban areas usually placed?
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Ports and along trade routes for easy access.
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When did social classes started to emerge?
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when the wealthy started to gain military power against the producers
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How did urbanization lead to a capitalist World system?
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When the urban areas started to become the center of trade, then the interconnectness of the cores became more promadent.
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What is the law of diminishing returns?
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the decline of productivity and growth after a certain point is reached.
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What is capitalism?
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economic/social organization characterized by profit motives are the control means of production, distrubition, and exchange of goods by prive ownership.
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What is imperialism?
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Military and economical power over another state.
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What is neocolionalism? What is an example?
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Economical and political stategiers by whihc powerful states in the directly maintain or extend their influence over other states by international regulations, commercial. EX: how the U.S withheld money to Haiti.
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What is division of labor?
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The specialization of different people, regions, and countries in certain kinds of economic activities.
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What is hegemony?
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dominance over the world economy through economics, military, financial, and culture means.
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What is the story of Haiti? Why are they a periphery?
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The haitians won independence from France in 1804. But, Frances but a embaro, probation of any trade with a country, as a punishment. Then, France made them pay $22 bulions dollars, which left no money into developing thier own country till they finished paying it off till 1947. U.S block loans to Haiti in early 2000s. Haiti did a prank saying that France will repay them, but that wasn't true.
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Why did Europe wanted to colonized America in the 1700s.?
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Because they were hitting a point in their economy which they reached their biological limit while there population was still rising. So, America was a way to get cheap and raw materials to send back to Europe. It was also a market opportunity.
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Why did Britain wanted India Cotton?
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It was a cheaper, lighter, more comfortable than English Cottons. They tried to use import substitutions (copy Indian Cottons), but people wanted Indian Calicoes.
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What was the state of India in late 1600 to early 1700?
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They were divisered industrial and agriculture (cheap textiles). They also had a higly productive agriculture system because the labor was cheap.
They were considered a core |
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What was the state of China in the late 1700s?
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They were considered a core, but became a periphery by mid 1800s because they had hit biological limits. Their mini-systems were strong, but started t dwindle on the biological means. There silk production and trade was high.
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Why didn't China stay a core?
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They were focusing on the biological means, and started to import certain things so they can focus on agriculture.
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What did Britian do against India to prevent thier economic growth?
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Parliament put a policies against trade towards India Cotton. This took away the India's market, so to other countries, their cotton prices rose. The only corporation in India was the East India Company, which controlled the Indians by buying all their cotton, and then started to sell back the British textile because thier own cottons became to expesive. This opened a market to the British when thier cottons became desire able.
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How did colonialism help England escape what has happening to China?
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Since America was now a new source of food and resources, they could keep their focus on textile production. It also became a captive market for them to sell their textiles instead of them buy India's.
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How did the Industrial Revoultion help Britian gain power?
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Because of technology, it finally allowed the British produce better and cheaper cottons than India. So, that made thier product more desireable. So, when that happen, Britian went to a "free trade" policy.
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What happen to India and China in 1800 as a resulut of England's choices?
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They became peripheral. India was deinistrializated and then colonized by Britain. Then became a consumer and export of raw cotton.
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What are the main three reasons why England became a core while India and China did not?
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Economic Power, Colonization, Industrial Revolution.
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Was Europe's power inevitable?
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no, its the choices.
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Who were the cores to th 1900s? What happened? What did they do to try maintain the core?
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U.S, Japan, and Britian were cores. WWII happened. They fought for land inside Africa to spread Ethnocentrism.
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WHo is the hegmony of power now?
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U.S
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What is leadership cycles?
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Periods of international power shifts.
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What is the "cotton" of today? How does it affect interdependence?
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Technology. New phases of interdependence
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What are transnational corporations?
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companies that go across seas and control that market and take away competition locally.
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What are external areas?
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Areas that are poor.
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What is spatial justice?
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the distribution of society’s benefits and burdens at different scales
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If you believe in spatial justice...
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Then, you believed that the differences are unfair, and the pace of the world is making it worse.
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How is the western culture spreading? is it good or bad?
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They are targeting other cultures. the good or bad is debatable. But, the other cultures do not have enough affuence.
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How is the U.S handling being a super power?
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We dont have enough to give to other countries, so it makes us look bad. Then, we are enforcing imperialism (war after 9/11). We are struggling staying on top of the economy.
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What is demography?
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the study of the charcteristics of human population?
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What is spatial distribution? What is based on?
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the reasons and implications of pattern distribution.
people live where they do because on environment, |
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What is population density
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people per unit of area, or any other kind sof density. (nutrional, argiculture).
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What are the problems of a census?
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Data does out of date fast. Peripheral countries cant afford it. different census leads to different information.
misrepresentation, and miscount. |
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What is a biometric census?
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photograph and imprint of each person.
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Why does majority of the U.S population live on the east coast?
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Water supplies
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Why do we care about spatial distribution?
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demographic patterns, trends, compostions of populations, policys are uneven across states, regions, and the tiers of the W.S.
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What is crude density? What is a flaw of this data?
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The number of people across a specific distance. IT is one dimensional.
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What is natural increase (NI)? What does it suppose to show?
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birth- death rates. to see if a population has increased or decreased without migration.
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What is net migration (NM)? Purpose?
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immigration-emmigration. to see if he migraition population is increasing or decreasing?
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What is the population equation?
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P_x= P_o+NI+NM
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What is crude birth rate? What influences that number?
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number of birth per year per 1,000 of the population.
is influenced by women's education, reigion, social customs, and availability to birth control. |
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What are crude death rates? How can they misrepresent the data? What are they influenced by?
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number of deaths per 1,000. Influenced by healthcare, occupation, social class, wealth. May represent data, some areas migh die faster. (EX: florida)
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What 3 stastics numbers are in demographyc transition model?
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death, birth, and overal population rates.
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What is the total fetility rate? What is replacement rate?
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the average number of children a woman bears in her reproductive years.
replacement: is the number of children a woman needs to replace the existinting population. |
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How is Life expenctancy influenced?
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varies from country to country, and influenced by epidemics.
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What is infant mortality rate? Is is even across the land?
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death of kids under the age of one per 1000. Uneven patterns in regions, cities.
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What is the currently population? What is the world population suppose to cap at?
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current: 7 billion
cap: 10 billion. |
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What is the purpose of population pyramids? Who uses of them?
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indicate how population is ditrubed along axes of age and sex. They tell the story about the past and make future predictions. they are used by government planners, marketers, aid groups.
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What situations might make males and females uneven?
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male status, and wars.
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What is a cohort? how are the cohorts divided in the population pyrmid divided?
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groups of poeple clumped together by something in common.
youth-0-15 middle-15-64 old-65+ |
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What is dependence ratio?
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the measure the economic impact of the young and old on the more economically productive members.
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What are the characteristics rapid growth in population?
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high brithrates, low death rate. resources like food, and edication, food, healthcare. Jobs will be limited in the future. reproduct women will produce more babies, so population will contunue to explode.
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What are the slow/decline growth in population?
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low birth and deathrates.
resources need like education, food, healthcare. jobs will need be created. need to support the aging population. |
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When was the baby boom? What was the cause? What is the future impact?
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1946-1964. no one really known causes. Future impact is that they will live longer, few people will provide for them.
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What is the demographic transition? What is the model based off? Is the periphery following?
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DT is a shift in birth and death rates through process of development. It is based off of the Western Europe. But, that was eurocentric. periphery is no following.
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What falls first? Why?
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death rates fall first, then birthrates because despite people living longer, they idea to having lots of children is still needed.
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Europes demographic transition: Phase 1:
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up to 1650s: Fertility near biological Max. Morality and birthrates fluctuated because of disease, famine, and war.
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Europes demographic transition: Phase 2:
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1650-1890s: CDR begins to drop. because of improvement in nutrition, treaties in war, and sanitation controlled diseases. Then CBR remaind near top, because kids were still scene as assets, and social security.cultural tension on limiting fertility
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Europes demographic transition: Phase 3:
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1890s-1950s: CDR continue to drop, stand of living (in the core) begins to rise, biomedicine. CBR starts to slow because empowerment of woman, more chance of kids living longer, more of burden because of labor laws.
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Europes demographic transition: Phase 4:
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1950s-to now: CDR near biological min, medicine supports life. CBR is low becuase of how much kids cost, widespread fertility control
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Perphery demographic transition: Phase 1:
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-1800s: being controlled by colonialism.
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Perphery demographic transition: Phase 2:
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Begins with CDR dropping, but stopped at biological min.
CBR have started to drop faster, which is leds to smaller families. |
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Why are the DT of the periphery different than the core?
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molitalty is leaving families uncetrain of childs survival. children are still scene as assets, social secutry. lack of women's status.
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What is mobility? What is migration?
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mobility is the ability to move. migration is permanent or tempary change in residence.
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What is gross migration and net migration?
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gross: totall number migrates that are moving. net is the gain or lost of total population.
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What are examples of internal migrations (forced and voluntary)?
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forced. Native Americas; trail of tears.
voluntary: suburbanization. |
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What are examples of international migration (forced and voluntary?
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forced: refugees.
voluntary: for jobs. |
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What are push and pull factors?
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Push are events that are the reasons why migrants leave a location. Pull are what attracts the a certain localation.
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What are intervening obstacles?
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things that have to get out of the way before one can move.
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What are refugees? What about the camps? What is an example?
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cross international borders in search for an asylum. EX: would be Syria where their is a civil war. there is problem within the country and outside the country dealing with the new population increase.
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What are IDP? What is an example?
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people who move within international bouder think they have reach an asylum; might be completely safe.
this number is higher than refugees, and have a lot less press, and himanitarian aid. EX: is katrina. |
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What are eco-migrants? What is an example?
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moved because of natural disasters.EX katrina, tsuanami.
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What is a diaspora? What is an example?
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geographic dispersal of a group. Liberia kicking out the natives.
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What is Transnational migrants? what is an example? What are remittances?
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has ties to thier home place, like remittances, which is transferring money, to the old country.
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What are guest workers programs? Why are they important to periphery countries? What are the pros and cons? WHat are the examples?
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working across seas for money. A major part income of perphery countries. They have emotional and familial issues. EXL Filipino in Dubai.
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How do periphery deal on migration?
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They attempt to encourage, social ties, remittances among emigration.
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What is the brain drain? Brain gain?
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Brain drain: periphery countries losing advanced degrees of migrations.
Brain gain: core countries gaining need professions. |
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How does the core deal with policies on migrants?
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They put quotas on the people who are allowed in. We have border controls, work visas. we have quotas that favor skilled migrants.
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How does the core countries feel about migrants?
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They have xenophobias about losing thier culture. they compose policies on that.
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What are some examples of state interventions?
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India's mass sterilization from the 50s to 70s.
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What have been unintended consquences from state interventions?
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100 million "missing females"
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