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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
calculus (plural: calculi)
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Stone.
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calyx (plural: calyces)
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A small, cup-like chamber in the kidney into which urine is drained.
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electrolytes
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Elements or chemicals that enable the body to work properly. Examples of electrolytes are sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate. A major function of the urinary system is to maintain a proper balance of electrolytes in the body.
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glomerulus (plural: glomeruli)
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One of the structures within the nephron of the kidney (see definition of nephron, below). The glomerulus is composed of tiny, intertwined capillaries that filter the blood.
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nephron
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The basic working unit of the kidney that carries out the processes that form urine. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons.
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renal cortex
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The outer portion of the kidney.
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renal medulla
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The inner portion of the kidney.
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renal pelvis
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The "basin" at the base of the kidney that receives urine from the renal calyces and transports the urine into the ureter, with with which it connects.
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void
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To empty or evacuate, such as urine from the bladder.
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adenocarcinoma of the kidney
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A malignant neoplasm of the kidney. Also called renal cell carcinoma. The words neoplasm means "new growth."
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anuria
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Complete suppression of urinary secretion by the kidneys.
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azotemia
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An excessive amount of nitrogen compounds in the blood.
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bladder neck obstruction (BNO)
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Blockage of the bladder outlet.
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diuresis
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Abnormal secretion of large amounts of urine.
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dysuria
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Painful of difficult urination.
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end-stage renal disease
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The final phase of a kidney disease process. Disease has advanced to the point that the kidneys no longer can adequately filter the blood.
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enuresis
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Involuntary discharge of urine after the age by which bladder control should have been established. Voluntary control of urination is usually present by the age of 5 years. Also called bedwetting
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glomerulonephritis
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Renal disease characterized by bilateral inflammatory changes in the glomeruli
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hematuria
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Blood in the urine.
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hydronephrosis
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Distension and stretching of the kidney (especially the kidney pelvis as a result of obstruction to urine outflow.
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nephrolithiasis
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A condition characterized by the presence of kidney stones, also called renal calculi
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nocturia
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Excessive urination at night.
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oliguria
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Diminished or scanty urination
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polycysic kidney
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A hereditary condition in which the kidneys are enlarged and contain many cysts.
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pyelonephritis
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Inflammation of the kidney-especially of the pelvis of the kidney. Pyelonephritis is usually the result of a bacterial infection that has ascended from the urinary bladder.
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pyuria
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Pus in the urine-a condition i which there are more than the normal number of white blood cells in the urine. Freshly passed urine may be cloudy due to the presence of pus.
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renal hypertension
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High blood pressure resulting from a kidney disease.
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urgency
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A sudden compelling urge to urinate.
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urinary incontinence
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Intermittent or complete absence of ability ot control the release of urine from the bladder.
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wilms tumor
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Rapidly developing, malignant kidney tumor that usually occurs in children.
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anorchism
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congenital absence of one or both testes.
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balanitis
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Inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis.
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benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
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A nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate due to excessive growth of prostatic tissue.
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cryptorchidism
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Failure of testicles to descend into the scrotum.
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epididymitis
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Acute or chronic inflammation of the epididymis. May result from veneral disease, urinary tract infection, prostatitis, prostatectomy, or prolonged use of indwelling catheters.
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epispadias
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A congenital (birth) defect in which the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis, instead of at the tip. Treatment is surgical redirection of the opening of the urethra to its normal position at the end of the penis.
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hydrocele
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The accumulation of fluid in any sac-like cavity, particularly the scrotal sac.
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hypospadias
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A congenital defect in which the male urethra opens on the undersurface of the penis instead of at the tip. Treatment consists of surgical redirection of the opening of the urethra to its normal position at the end of the penis.
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immpotence
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The inability of a man to achieve or maintain an erection.
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prostatic cancer
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A malignant neoplasm of the prostate tissure, creating pressure on the upper part of the urethra. Prostate cancer tends to metastasize, often spreading to the bones of the spine or pelvis before it is detected, it is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men (after lung cancer); also called carcinoma of the prostate.
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prostatism
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Any condition of the prostate gland that interferes with flow of urine from the bladder.
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varicocele
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Swollen, enlarged, herniated veins near the testis.
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sexually transmitted disease (STD, venereal disease)
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A contagious disease acquired by sexual intercourse or genital contact. These diseases are among the most common communicable diseases, and the incidence has risen in recent years despite improved methods of diagnosis and treatment. They include chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes genitalis, sypphilis, and a complex array of other infections and clinical syndromes.
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chlamydial infection
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An infection caused by the bacterium chlamyia trachomatis.
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genital wart
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A wart of the genitalia caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).
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gonorrhea
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An infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gnorrhoeae.
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herpes genitalis
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An infection of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV)
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syphilis
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An infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum and characterized by lesions that may involve any organ or tissue.
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trichomoniasis
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An infection of the vagina, urethra, or prostate caused by the bacterium Trichomonas vaginalis.
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intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
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Procedure in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x-ray films are taken to provide visualization and important information of the entire urinary tract: kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
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KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder)
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A radiograph obtained without the use of a contrast medium that illustrates the size, shape, and location of tlhe kidenys in relationship to other organs in the abdominopelvic region.
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renal scan
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A nulear medicine imaging procedure that determines renal function and shape.
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retrograde pyelogram (RP)
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Procedure in which a contrast medium (dye) is injected through a small catheter that is inserted into the urethra and bladder. Serial x-ray films are then taken of the entire urinary tract: the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
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voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
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Radiography of the bladder and urethra after the introduction of a contrast medium and during the process of voiding urine.
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catheterization
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Insertion of a catheter (a hollow flexible tube) into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove a fluid.
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cystoscopy
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Visually examination of the urinary bladder by inserting a cystoscope into the urethra.
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digital rectal examination (DRE)
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Insertion of a finer into the male rectum to palpate (used fingers to examine) the rectum and prostate.
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renal biopsy, percutaneous
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Obtaining renal tissue for analysis by use of a needle inserted through the skin.
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blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
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A test that measures the amount of urea ( a nitrogenous waste product in the blood.
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creatinine clearance
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A urine and blood test that shows how ell the dineys are filtering creatinine (a waste product) from the blood.
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prostateo-specific antigen (PSA)
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Blood test to screen for prostate cancer.
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urinalysis (UA)
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A physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis of the urine.
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urine culture (UC)
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A test used to detect and identify organisms (usually bacteria) that may be causing a urinary tract infection (UTI).
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circumcision
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Surgical removal of the foreskin or the prepuce of the penis.
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kidney transplantation, renal transplantation
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Surgical implantation of a kidney from a compatible donor into a recipient.
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lithotripsy
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Any procedure done to crush a stone in the kidney, ureter, or bladder. Stones may be crushed within the body (intracorporeal lithotripsy) or outside of the body (extracorporeal lithotripsy).
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extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
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A noninvasive procedure to break up kidney stones. The shock waves are focused on the stones, disintegrating them and permitting their passage, in the urine. Also called extracorporeal lithotripsy.
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stent placement
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Use of a device to hold open vessels, tubes, or an obstructed ureter
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vasectomy
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Removal of all or a segment of the vas deferens
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dialysis
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The process of removing toxic materials from the blood in cases of impaired kidney function or absence of the kidneys.
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hemodialysis
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The use of a special machine to provide the function of the kidneys by removing toxic materials from the blood.
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peritoneal dialysis
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Dialysis in which a solution is infused into the peritoneal (ie, abdominal) cavity and is then drained from the body after absorbing toxins.
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