• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/39

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

39 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the name of the bony point indicated by the probe (on either side)?
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
Identify the bony features which make this inlet.
Pubic Crest, Pectineal Line/Arcuate Line, Ala of Sacrum/Sacral Promontory
Identify the bony point indicated by probe.
Ischial Spine
Identify the opening and name a muscle that exits from this opening.
Greater Sciatic Foramen;
Piriformis Muscle exits to attach to the greater trochanter.
Identify this structure (being held by the probe).
Uterine Tube: you can see the frimbria at the free edge, and at the other edge is attached the uterus.
Identify the area which contains the tip of the probe. Be specific
Indicating the Posterior Fornix of the Vagina. The tube is the vagina, and the posterior aspect is the cervix, but the probe tip was specifically at the posterior fornix of the vagina.
Identify the structure indicated by the probe.
Sacrotuberous Ligament
Identify structure held by probe.
Tendon of Obturator Internus Muscle. This structure is coming out through the lesser sciatic foramen and comes out from the pelvis to attach to the greater trochanter.
Identify structure on probe.
Ventral Ramus of S1.
You can also see S2 and S3 below it.
Identify structure over probe.
Uterine Artery.
It crosses the ureter, which goes underneath it ("water under the bridge"). The uterine artery enters the base of the uterus, and comes from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery.
Identify this structure.
Tendinous Arc: a local thickening of the fascial covering of the obturator internus.
Identify the muscle indicated by the probe.
Levator Ani Muscle.
Hanging or attaching to the tendinous arc.
Identify structure on top of the probe.
Ductus (Vas) Deferens.
Starting from the deep inguinal ring where it enters the abdominal cavity, comes inside the pelvis and attaches to the posterior aspect of the prostate (at the ampulla).
Identify structure pointed at by the probe.
Left Seminal Vesicle.
Lies on the posterior aspect of the bladder, just above the prostate (to the right on the picture).
Identify the structure over the probe.
Internal Iliac Artery.
Internal dips into the pelvic cavity and divides into the anterior and posterior branches.
Identify this muscle.
Obturator Internus Muscle.
Lying over the obturator foramen.
Identify this structure.
Ureter.
Crosses the bifurcation of the common iliac artery, dips down into the pelvic cavity, going to the trigone area of the bladder.
Identify this structure.
Obturator Artery.
Running with the obturator nerve, goes towards the obturator foramen.
Identify this structure that goes onto the posterior abdominal wall.
Obliterated Umbilical Artery.
Comes from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery.
What are the bony landmarks that you are going to use to examine the area of the perineum.
Pubic Symphysis, Ischio-Pubic Rami (right & left), Right & Left Sacrotuberous Ligament & Tip of Coccyx.
The diamond-shaped area is completed by the Sacrotuberous Ligament on the posterior-lateral aspect.
What is the difference between the pelvic floor or the pelvic diaphragm and the urogenital diaphragm?
Pelvic Floor or Diaphragm: muscular structure, closes the pelvic outlet. (almost like a cup or a hammock, built of two muscles, the Levator Ani and the Coccygeus.)
U.G. Diaphragm - fascial sheath in between Ischio-Pubic Rami (left & right), gives attachment to the external genitalia.
What is the superior boundary of the perineum?
Pelvic Floor or Diaphragm (Levator Ani and Coccygeus muscles)
Extending from the pelvic floor to the skin is the area of the perineum.
Define this posterior (triangular) area of the perineum, and what are the contents of this area?
Anal Triangle - opening of the Anal Canal, Right & Left Ischiorectal Fosse. Contains fat cells and Inferior rectal nerve and vessels.
Identify this structure, and what is traveling through it?
Corpus Spongiosum.
Penile urethra passes through the corpus spongiosum.
Identify the structure above the probe.
Bulbospongiosus Muscle.
Describe the urogenital triangle and what are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch in males.
Root of Penis, Bulb of Penis, Corpus Spongiosum/Body of Penis, Glans of Penis, Bulbospongiosus Muscle, Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscle, Corpus Cavernosum, Ischiocavernosus Muscle and Perneal Branches of Pudendal Nerve and vessels.
What are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch in females?
Bulb of Vestibule/Vagina, Crura of Clitoris (Right & Left), Body of Clitoris, Glans of Clitoris, Bulbospongiosus Muscle, Greater Vestibular gland (right & left) or Bartholin's Gland, Bartholin's Cyst, Ischiocavernosus muscle and Perineal Body.
Identify this structure. Into which region will urine extravasate if this is ruptured?
Membranous part of the urethra.
The urine will pass into the Scrotum, around Penis and go into the Anterior Abdominal wall.
Identify this structure.
Corpus Cavernosum.
Identify the structure being held by the probe. What kind of fibres are being held by this structure?
Ventral Ramus of S2:
Contains Sensory, Motor & Preganglionic Parasympathetic nerve fibres.
Identify the structure being held by the probe.
What are the spinal levels from which this structure originates?
Pudendal Nerve.
S 2,3,4.
You can see the pudendal nerve passes underneath the Sacrotuberous Ligament. The Pudendal nerve, after leaving the greater sciatic foramen, it enters the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen.
Identify the structure over top of the probe.
What is the spinal level, and the reflex which is tested by this nerve?
Genitofemoral Nerve.
L 1,2
Cremasteric Reflex.
Divides into two branches: genital branch and the femoral branch.
Identify the structure being held by the probe.
The fibres of this structure control what reflex?
Sympathetic Trunk or Chain.
You can see the ganglia.
Ejaculation Phase.
Identify this nerve.
Name the area in the perineum supplied by this nerve.
Ilioinguinal Nerve.
Skin of Anterior 1/3 of Scrotum or Labia Majorum.

Identified as it passes over the crest of the ilium.
Identify the plexus being shown by the probe.
Name the nerves which contribute to the formation of the plexus.
Pelvic plexus (Right & Left)
Sympathetic nerves from sympathetic trunk.
Parasympathetic nerves from Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve (spinal cord S2,3,4)
What will be the effect on the micturition and genital reflex if these pelvic splanchnic nerves are destroyed.
Micturation Reflex: autonomous bladder with flaccid bladder wall or dribbling bladder (loss of contraction of the bladder wall).
Genital Reflex: Loss of erection (impotence).
Identify the structure shown by the probe.
Dorsal Nerve of the Penis (or Clitoris).
You can see the nerve coming through the U.G. Diaphragm onto the dorsal surface of the penis.
What is the course of the pudendal nerve from its origin to distribution?
-Forms from the ventral ramus of S 2,3,4.
-Exits from Pelvis via Greater Sciatic Foramen.
-Enters Perineum through Lesser Sciatic Foramen
-Passes through "Pudendal Canal" and gives its Terminal Branches.
-These nerves give Motor and Sensory Innervation to Perineum.
What is the Pudendal Canal and what is the Pudendal Block?
Pudendal Canal (Alcock's) - Fibrous Canal formed by Fascia of Obturator Internus Muscle on the Lateral Wall of the Ischiorectal Fosse.
Pudendal Block - Perineum can be anesthetized by blocking the Nerve in Pudendal Canal.