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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What controls sexual characteristics in both males and females?
a. pituitary gland b. Bartholin's glands c. Cowper's glands d. epididymis |
a. pituitary gland
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What marks the onset of puberty?
a. menarche for females; first ejaculation for males b. the growth spurt for females and males c. the beginning of breast development for females; the enlargement of the genitals for males d. No single event marks the onset of puberty |
d. No single event marks the onset of puberty
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Adolescents who are dependent and childlike, who feel a growing dislike for their bodies, and who become more introverted and self-rejecting because of it are more like to be
a. early-maturing males b. early-maturing females c. average-maturing males d. late-maturing females |
d. late-maturing females
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The identity status in which numerous crises have been experienced and resolved and relatively permanent commitments have been made is called
a. identity moratorium b. identity achievement c. foreclosed identity d. confused identity |
b. identity achievement
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The decreasing age of the onset of puberty is referred to as
a. early physical maturation b. early psychological maturity c. the evolutionary trend d. the secular trend |
d. the secular trend
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One of the traits by which Lerner characterized the adolescent transition is
a. independence b. eating disorders c. relative plasticity d. negative body image |
a. independence
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From the standpoint of adolescence, the most important of Erikson's eight stages is the stage of
a. identity b. autonomy c. intimacy d. industry |
a. identity
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What occurs during Piaget's formal operational stage?
a. Concrete operations combine to become formal operations b. Preoperations turn into formal operations c. Parts of the sensorimotor stage turn into formal operations d. The preoperational stage and the sensorimotor stage combine to become formal operations |
a. Concrete operations combine to become formal operations
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One of the criticisms of Piaget's theory of cognitive development is that it
a. is too broad b. does not address abstract thought c. is too complex d. does not account for culture and gender influences |
d. does not account for culture and gender influences
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To think of oneself in heroic or mythical terms is known as
a. egocentrism b. imaginary audience c. the personal fable d. invincibility |
d. the personal fable
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When teenagers believe they are being scrutinized for their behavior and physical appearance, they are
a. egocentric b. creating a personal fable c. creating an imaginary audience d. exaggerating their abilities and skills |
c. creating an imaginary audience
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To solve problems that have only one correct answer, we are using
a. divergent thinking b. convergent thinking c. creative thinking d. critical thinking |
b. convergent thinking
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New ideas are to creative thinking as existing ideas are to
a. convergent thinking b. critical thinking c. divergent thinking d. preoperational thinking |
b. critical thinking
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Parents who practice a nurturing parenting style are
a. interested in their child's behavior but seldom prescribe rules, relying instead on modeling and family discussions to instill a well-defined set of values b. controlling but loving in guiding their children through development c. nurturing but providing little structure in the family d. nurturing yet strictly controlling of the way in which the family functions |
a. interested in their child's behavior but seldom prescribe rules, relying instead on modeling and family discussions to instill a well-defined set of values
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A recent 6% decline in AIDS has been attributed to
a. sex safe b. powerful new drugs c. better practices d. none of these |
b. powerful new drugs
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Each year in the United States approximately _____ teenage girls become pregnant.
a. 25,000 b. 250,000 c. 500,000 d. 1,000,000 |
d. 1,000,000
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Sara is an African-American teenager who grew up in a poor, single-parent home and has low occupational aspirations. Sara fits the profile of a
a. drug abuser b. gang member c. pregnant teenager d. domestic abuse victim |
d. domestic abuse victim
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Because we seldom call on its total capacity, people often are not aware of the decline of their _____ during early adulthood.
a. aerobic capacity b. blood pressure c. heart rate d. organ reserve |
d. organ reserve
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According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are approximately _____ times fewer reported AIDS cases during young adulthood then in middle adulthood.
a. 1 1/2 b. 2 c. 2 1/2 d. 3 |
a. 1 1/2
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Among young adult females, maximum height is usually reached at age _____; for males, it is age _____.
a. 18, 25 b. 19, 16 c. 18, 20 d. 18, 18 |
c. 18, 20
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Research indicates that obesity has become an epidemic in the United States. Anyone who is over _____% above normal weight is considered obese.
a. 10 b. 20 c. 25 d. 30 |
d. 30
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Cigarettes, cigars, and trendy pipes called ___ are equally addictive and contain nicotine that is toxic to the human body.
a. hookahs b. tubas c. poppers d. none of these |
a. hookahs
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Perry's stages of dualism, relativism, and commitment refer to a person's
a. relationship development b. intellectual and ethical development c. ability to make moral decisions d. interpersonal relationship |
b. intellectual and ethical development
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In a study of women's perspectives on knowledge, received knowledge is
a. the view that words are central to the knowing process b. an experience that resulted in a distrust of outside sources of knowledge c. a distrust of knowledge from authority d. learned passivity and dependency in relationships |
a. the view that words are central to the knowing process
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Belenky's category of procedural knowledge is most similar to which of Perry's stages?
a. dualism b. commitment c. affirmation d. relativism |
d. relativism
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The ability to recognize that certainty is impossible but that _____ to a certain position is necessary, even without certainty, describes Perry's third stage.
a. aspiring b. commitment c. ambivalence d. disgust |
b. commitment
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Today, women are taking on many of the
a. middle-level jobs b. new, high-level jobs c. old, less-skilled jobs d. none of these |
b. new, high-level jobs
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The role of a ____, according to some theorists, is to provide an individual with guidance during life transitions, assistance with decisions making, and a clearer view of what the individual wishes to make of himself or herself.
a. teacher b. mentor c. partner d. sibling |
b. mentor
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Compared with the baby-boom generation, the dating practices of young adults are quite
a. different b. superior c. inferior d. similar |
d. similar
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In Sternberg's conceptualization of love, when a person is able to share his or her deepest feelings and thoughts with another, that person is experiencing
a. passion b. commitment c. intimacy d. true love |
c. intimacy
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Androgyny refers to
a. persons who are more likely to behave in a way appropriate to a situation, regardless of their sex b. women who have higher than average male elements in their personalities c. men who have higher then average female elements in their personalities d. the midpoint between the two poles of masculinity and femininity |
a. persons who are more likely to behave in a way appropriate to a situation, regardless of their sex
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According to Levinson, the purpose of the developmental periods in our lives is to cause greater individuation, which is
a. our developing separate and special personalities, derived less and less from our parents and teachers and more from our own behavior b. the realization that one does not need to be in a relationship to attain happiness c. the recognition of our distinct interests d. the inability for peers to have great influence on major life decisions |
a. our developing separate and special personalities, derived less and less from our parents and teachers and more from our own behavior
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Erikson used the term distantiation to describe
a. the distance we keep between ourselves and others during personal conversation b. our ability to distance ourselves from our families or origin c. the time we need to progress from one developmental stage to the next d. the readiness all of us have to distance ourselves from others when we feel threatened by their behavior |
d. the readiness all of us have to distance ourselves from others when we feel threatened by their behavior
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Whose theories find fault with Erikson because of his belief that women are judged through their relationships with others?
a. Erikson and evolutionary psychologists b. Gilligan and Erikson c. Friedan d. Bem and Erikson |
c. Friedan
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Researcher Carol Gilligan states that, because femininity is defined through attachment, female gender is most threatened by
a. divorce b. personal loss c. separation d. dispassionate males |
c. separation
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The person who used the term validation to describe our need, as humans, to feel loved and accepted is
a. Fromm b. Levinson c. Bem d. Erikson |
a. Fromm
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During middle adulthood, how does hearing ability change?
a. higher frequencies need to be louder to be heard b. lower frequencies need to be louder to be heard c. the ability to hear human speech remains constant d. the ability to listen to speech in a crowded environment declines, while the ability to listen to someone alone without background noise increases |
a. higher frequencies need to be louder to be heard
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What type of intelligence deteriorates with age, to some extent?
a. learned b. natural c. crystallized d. fluid |
d. fluid
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What is an example of crystallized intelligent?
a. arithmetical reasoning b. letter grouping c. recalling paired associates d. dominoes |
a. arithmetical reasoning
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While being tested on paired associate learning tasks the group most as a disadvantage if the amount of time available for response is not sufficient is the
a. group in early adulthood b. group in middle adulthood c. group in late adulthood d. all groups would be at a disadvantage |
c. group in late adulthood
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A factor in learning ability during middle adulthood is motivation to learn. It is important for researchers to keep in mind that ___ affects an adult's level of motivation.
a. level of eduation b. meaningfulness of the task c. interest d. external distraction |
b. meaningfulness of the task
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When an accountant 20 years younger than Dan joined his marketing firm, Dan felt resentful and anxious because he feared he would be considered incompetent. Dan has a growing sense of
a. job distress b. outdatedness c. the "gold watch" syndrome d. job reluctance |
b. outdatedness
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If a person is alerted to stress, the level of anxiety increases, and task-oriented and defense-oriented behavior takes place, the person is experiencing the psychological manifestations of
a. alarm reaction b. an anxiety attack c. defense mechanisms d. denial |
a. alarm reaction
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According to Selye, your ability to remain in the resistance stage decreases when you are
a. experiencing optimum drive b. experiencing an alarm reaction c. an adolescent d. growing older |
d. growing older
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Under continual stress, the gradual depletion of an organism's adaptational energy eventually leads to
a. stage of resistance b. stage of exhaustion c. collapse of the nervous system d. increased energy |
b. stage of exhaustion
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According to Gottman and Krokoff's longitudinal research on marital interactions, those who tend most to avoid relational confrontations are
a. divorcing couples b. couples married for more than 25 years c. husbands d. wives |
c. husbands
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What is the most frequently cited problem of middle-aged adult women?
a. aging b. menopause c. caring for their children d. caring for their aging parents |
d. caring for their aging parents
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Research suggests that a typical characteristic of a sibling relationship in middle adulthood is
a. growing distance b. increased animosity c. mutual caring for elderly parents d. rivalry over the inheritance |
c. mutual caring for elderly parents
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The notion that adult personality changes over time is supported by
a. stage theorists b. transition theorists c. trait theorists d. lifespan theorists |
a. stage theorists
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Trait theory is to ____ as stage theory is to ____.
a. lifespan development; stair step transition b. continuity in adult development; change in adult development c. change in adult development; continuity in adult development d. stair step transition; lifespan development |
b. continuity in adult development; change in adult development
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The ___ that occur during Levinson's mid-life transition represent the continual struggle toward great individuation.
a. attachments b. separations c. levels of intimacy d. polarities |
d. polarities
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McCrae and Costa argued that, although habits, life events, opinions, and relationships may change over the lifespan, the basic ___ of an individual does not.
a. value b. orientation c. personality d. coping mechanisms |
c. personality
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According to Erikson, during the generativity stage one's productivity is aimed at
a. career advancement b. material rewards c. being helpful to others d. recognition |
c. being helpful to others
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McCrae and Costa defined five major personality types as neuroticism, extroversion, and
a. agreeableness b. openness to experience c. conscientiousness d. all of these |
d. all of these
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In the study of college-educated women's personality by Stewart and Ostrove, it was learned that their sense of personal identity and their confidence in their personal efficacy
a. decreased with age b. increased with age c. was unaffected by aging d. was almost double that of men of the same age |
b. increased with age
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The counterpart theory holds that
a. the aging process is programmed b. factors that are useful in the earlier years become counterproductive in later years c. early deterioration is due to hard work and a stressful lifestyle d. the aging process is due to alterations in cell proteins |
b. factors that are useful in the earlier years become counterproductive in later years
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One explanation of aging is that the various life-support systems gradually weaken and that death comes about as a cumulative result of these various weaknesses. This refers to which aspect of aging?
a. genetic b. environmental c. physiological d. human abilities |
c. physiological
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According to the cross-linkage theory, what happens to collagen, the major connective tissue in the body that provides elasticity in our skin, as we grow older?
a. it becomes a waste product as a result of a metabolism build-up in the body b. it causes early aging c. it contributes to our body's tissues becoming more self-rejecting d. our skin wrinkles because the proteins of collagen are altered |
d. our skin wrinkles because the proteins of collagen are altered
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A failure in the body's systems to regulate the proper interaction of organs is known as
a. cross-linkage theory b. autoimmunity c. homeostatic imbalance d. counterpart theory |
c. homeostatic imbalance
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Studies of monozygotic twins showing that they have more similar lengths of life than do dizygotic twins are evidence of which aspect of aging?
a. human ability b. environmental c. physiological d. genetic |
d. genetic
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Stress level, educational level, motivation, and personality type are examples of
a. genetic factors b. physiological factors c. environmental factors d. modifiers of ability |
d. modifiers of ability
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Ageism can be defined as
a. the study of late adulthood b. the study of human development as one ages c. a type of prejudice toward older adults d. physical changes from middle to older adulthood |
c. a type of prejudice toward older adults
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Breakthroughs that appear to be on the horizon for combating Alzheimer's include
a. new ways to combat key enzymes that contribute to cell damage b. new understanding of how to immunize people against a protein that becomes abnormal c. the emergence of human gene therapy d. all of these |
d. all of these
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Alzheimer's disease is
a. one of the two most common forms of dementia that affect the elderly and is probably the single greatest source of affliction and debilitation b. caused largely by bacteria c. suffered most by people whose IQ is the top third of the population d. strongly regressive |
a. one of the two most common forms of dementia that affect the elderly and is probably the single greatest source of affliction and debilitation
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According to the research of Salthouse, ____ accounts for the differences between tests of cognitive ability and actual performance of the elderly.
a. different types of cognition b. different standards of evaluation c. different amount of experience d. all of these |
a. different types of cognition
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Probably the strongest influence on an elder's self-concept is
a. wealth b. appearance c. skeletal integrity d. social ability |
b. appearance
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Jaquish and Ripple found a positive relationship between self-esteem and ___ for the oldest group of subjects.
a. divergent thinking b. originality c. flexibility d. fluency |
a. divergent thinking
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According to the theory of Baltes and Staudinger, wisdom is the result of
a. life experience b. age c. personality and intelligence d. all of these |
d. all of these
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Dacey proposed that there are certain ___ in life during which creative ability can be cultivated most effectively
a. work-related experiences b. critical periods c. ages d. educational experiences |
b. critical periods
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In late adulthood, crossover in sex roles means that
a. older men and women identify with each other more b. older men become more like women and older women become more like men c. older men take on roles most often associated with women d. older women take on roles most often associated with men |
b. older men become more like women and older women become more like men
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Whether or not an older woman is sexually active depends mainly on her
a. level of interest b. marital status c. perception of her children's attitudes d. number of interpersonal relationships |
b. marital status
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John and Sarah are the parents of three children and provide an example of generative love. They
a. gladly make many sacrifices for the sake of the children b. cherish the time they have with their children at present c. expose their children to the culture and traditions of their ancestry d. are committed to spending all their time with the children |
a. gladly make many sacrifices for the sake of the children
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Ganong and associates found that the obligation adult children feel toward helping either their parent or their stepparent
a. is much greater toward the parent b. is about equal c. is somewhat greater toward the parent d. is usually greater toward the stepparent |
c. is somewhat greater toward the parent
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Older workers make valued employees for all of the following reasons, except lower
a. absenteeism b. turnover c. accident rates d. job skills |
d. job skills
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Research conducted by Smith and Moen indicates that the decision to retire is primarily influenced by the retiree's
a. spouse b. job expectancies c. sense of well-being d. level of education |
a. spouse
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According to leisure theorists, a spillover function is
a. when leisure is no more than an extension of work experiences and attitudes b. when leisure time is engaged in to make up for the disappointment and stress at work c. when leisure time is spent worrying about stressful events at work d. when leisure time takes away from time to be spent at work |
a. when leisure is no more than an extension of work experiences and attitudes
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The idea that there are societal expectations about what is normal at various stages refers to
a. gender roles b. socialization c. age status d. role continuity |
c. age status
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For Erik Erikson, we are led to a sense of personal integrity by
a. personal well-being b. a sense of self-control c. achievement d. a sense that life has been well spent |
d. a sense that life has been well spent
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According to Erikson, people who are contemptuous of humanity
a. have psychologically disengaged b. have been socially rejected c. are preparing for an attack d. are looking back over their lives and hiding their fear of death |
d. are looking back over their lives and hiding their fear of death
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If brain death occurs, a person still remains alive in this condition because
a. autoplasia stimulates the autonomic processes b. neuroplasia stimulates the autonomic process c. the autonomic processes are governed by the brain stem d. the autonomic processes are governed by the cortex |
c. the autonomic processes are governed by the brain stem
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Legal death occurs when
a. respiration and heartbeat have stopped b. the brain fails to receive sufficient amount of oxygen c. there is an unreceptivity and unresponsivity, no movements or breathing, no reflexes, and a flat electroencephalogram reading that remains flat for 24 hours d. it is no longer possible to discern an electrical charge in the tissues of the heart and lung |
c. there is an unreceptivity and unresponsivity, no movements or breathing, no reflexes, and a flat electroencephalogram reading that remains flat for 24 hours
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The phases of anticipatory grief are
a. depression, a heightened concern for the ill person, a rehearsal of death, and an attempt to adjust to the consequences that are likely to occur after the death b. depression and rehearsal of death c. a heightened concern for the ill person, a rehearsal of death, and an attempt to adjust to the consequences that are likely to occur after the death d. depression, a heightened concern for the ill person, a rehearsal of death |
a. depression, a heightened concern for the ill person, a rehearsal of death, and an attempt to adjust to the consequences that are likely to occur after the death
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According to Kubler-Ross's theory, dying need not be a(n) ___ experience.
a. religious b. unexpected c. unhappy d. expensive |
b. unexpected
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A young man, whose father died from lung cancer, is displaying grief known as distorted reaction. He has
a. experienced grieving stages that are prolonged and intensified to abnormal degree b. developed some of the same symptoms his father had, which his doctor determined were entirely psychosomatic c. created a shrine in memory of his father d. experienced anticipatory grief |
b. developed some of the same symptoms his father had, which his doctor determined were entirely psychosomatic
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Of all adult groups, older single white males are the most likely to die of
a. cancer b. heart disease c. accident d. suicide |
d. suicide
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The law that grants an adult the right to instruct his or her physician to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining procedures in the event of a terminal condition is known as a
a. right to life law b. living will law c. death with dignity law d. none of the answers are correct |
c. death with dignity law
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Whether life is worth living and why is it worth living are the major premises of
a. spirituality b. religion c. separation anxiety d. none of the answers are correct |
a. spirituality
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In what stage in Frankl's theory of spirituality are persons motivated by the struggle to keep themselves alive and to help the species survive?
a. somatic dimension b. psychological dimension c. noetic dimension d. none of the answers are correct |
a. somatic dimension
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In Fowler's theory of spirituality, stages in ___ can be delayed indefinitely but the person must have reached a certain minimal age at each stage to move on to a succeeding stage.
a. psychological growth b. spiritual belief c. faith development d. commitment |
c. faith development
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According to Fowler, what is the minimal age in which a person can gain universalizing faith?
a. 12 to 13 years old b. 18 to 19 years old c. 30 years old d. 40 years old |
d. 40 years old
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According to Jung, by the age of 35 most people are well
a. established b. prepared for life's work c. individuated d. on their way to developing a wholeness of personality |
c. individuated
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The sociobiological point of view states that we develop religion through what steps?
a. objectification, commitment, mythification b. commitment and mythification c. objectification and mythification d. objection and commitment |
a. objectification, commitment, mythification
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