Human Development Exam 1

Front 1

how long is the prenatal period of development?

Back 1

conception to birth

Front 2

how long is the infancy and toddlerhood period of development?

Back 2

birth to 2 years

Front 3

how long is the early childhood period of development?

Back 3

2 to 6 years

Front 4

how long is the middle childhood period of development?

Back 4

6 to 11 years

Front 5

how long is the adolescence period of development?

Back 5

11 to 18 years

Front 6

how long is the emerging adulthood period of development?

Back 6

18 to 25 years

Front 7

body size and proportions; appearance; functioning of body systems; health; motor capabilities

Back 7

physical domain of development

Front 8

intelectual abilities

Back 8

cognitive domain of development

Front 9

emotional communication; self-understanding; knowledge about others; interpersonal skills and relationships; moral reasoning and behavior

Back 9

emotional and social domain of development

Front 10

an orderly, integrated set of statements that describes behavior, explains behavior, and predicts behavior

Back 10

theory

Front 11

what you're born with influences your dev. more than experiences; inborn, biologic givens; based on genetic inheritance

Back 11

nature

Front 12

experiences influence your dev. more than genes; physical and social world; influences biological and psychological development

Back 12

nurture

Front 13

individuals high or low in a characteristic remain so at later ages; early experience may have a lifelong impact

Back 13

stability

Front 14

change is possible, based on experiences

Back 14

plasticity

Front 15

cell nucleus contains ______

Back 15

chromosomes

Front 16

how similar is our DNA to chimpanzees DNA?

Back 16

98.5%

Front 17

what is the genetic similarity between humans worldwide?

Back 17

99.1%

Front 18

where do most chromosome abnormalities occur?

Back 18

in the egg or sperm

Front 19

results from problems with the 21st chromosome; mental retardation; memory and speech probe; motor development probs; unique physical features

Back 19

down syndrome

Front 20

what traits could be changed in a designer baby?

Back 20

gender, appearance, intelligence, disease, and personality

Front 21

screening embryos for eye color, hair color, and complexion

Back 21

gender selection

Front 22

embryo screening involves a process called pre-implantation genetic diagnosis; created by in-vitro fertilization and grown to the eight-cell stage, at which point one or two cells are removed

Back 22

trait selection

Front 23

kids are passive recipients of both genetic and environment

Back 23

passive correlation

Front 24

child evokes certain responses from others

Back 24

evocative correlation

Front 25

naturally gravitate towards something we're comfortable with

Back 25

active correlation

Front 26

development results from bi-directional influences; ongoing, bi-directional exchanges between heredity and all levels of the environment

Back 26

the epigenetic framework

Front 27

people think of themselves as separate from others; concerned with personal goals

Back 27

individualist

Front 28

people define themselves as part of a group; concerned with group goals over individual goals

Back 28

collectivist

Front 29

what are the 3 periods of prenatal development?

Back 29

zygote, embryo, and fetus

Front 30

how long is the zygote period?

Back 30

2 weeks

Front 31

how long is the embryo period?

Back 31

6 weeks

Front 32

how long is the fetus period?

Back 32

30 weeks

Front 33

key events in the zygote period

Back 33

fertilization, implantation, and start of placenta

Front 34

key events in the embryo period

Back 34

arms, legs, face, organs, muscles all development, heart beings beating

Front 35

key events in the fetus period

Back 35

"growth and finishing"

Front 36

nervous system and skin

Back 36

ectoderm

Front 37

muscular, skeletal, circulatory

Back 37

mesoderm

Front 38

digestive, lungs, urinary, glands

Back 38

endoderm

Front 39

any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period

Back 39

teratogen

Front 40

cross the placenta, causing a dramatic rise in fetal heart rate and activity

Back 40

stress hormones

Front 41

predicts anxiety, short attention span, anger, aggression, and overactivity among young children, above and beyond the impact of other risk factors

Back 41

maternal emotional stress

Front 42

leading cause of infant mortality between 1 week and 12 months in industrialized nations

Back 42

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Front 43

babies prefer ______ at birth

Back 43

sweets

Front 44

what is the least developed sense at birth?

Back 44

vision

Front 45

what are names of the twin sisters from the video?

Back 45

mia and alexandra

Front 46

where is mia from?

Back 46

california

Front 47

where is alexandra from?

Back 47

norway

Front 48

views the child as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment

Back 48

ecological systems theory

Front 49

innermost level of the environment which consists of the child itself

Back 49

microsystem

Front 50

the second level of Bronfenbrenner's model which encompasses connections between microsystems, such as home, school, neighborhood, and childcare center

Back 50

mesosystem

Front 51

consists of social settings that do not contain children but that nevertheless affect children's experiences in immediate settings

Back 51

exosystem

Front 52

the outermost level of Bronfenbrenner's model which consists of cultural values, laws, customs, and resources

Back 52

macrosystem

Front 53

affluent parents likely to value _________ over __________

Back 53

achievement; character

Front 54

children spend an avg of ________ hours in school by high school graduation

Back 54

14,000

Front 55

greater change of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes if….

Back 55

low birth weight

Front 56

greater chance of breast cancer, prostate, and other cancers if…...

Back 56

high birth weight

Front 57

causes the breasts to "let down" milk; heightens the mother's response to the baby

Back 57

oxytocin

Front 58

reflex that helps baby find nipple/food source

Back 58

rooting

Front 59

permits feeding

Back 59

sucking

Front 60

protects from strong stimulation

Back 60

eye blink

Front 61

protects from unpleasant tactful stimulation

Back 61

withdrawal

Front 62

causes toes to fan out

Back 62

babinski reflex

Front 63

prepares infant for voluntary grasping

Back 63

palmar grasp

Front 64

how much on avg do babies sleep?

Back 64

14-16 hrs in a day

Front 65

irregular sleep; eye fluttering; moving; HR fast; like their awake

Back 65

REM sleep

Front 66

looks like full rest; HR slow; low brain activity

Back 66

NREM

Front 67

what is the least dev. sense at birth?

Back 67

vision