Human Development

Front 1

Testes

Back 1

Produce sperm cells and the male sex hormone (Testosterone)

Front 2

Seminiferous Tubules

Back 2

Holow tubes in the teste in which spermatogenesis occurs

Front 3

Interstitial Cells

Back 3

Surround seminiferous tubules; secrets testosterone

Front 4

Sertoli Cells

Back 4

Support the development of spermatozoa

Front 5

Epididymides

Back 5

Cap of coiled tubes on the testes in which sperm cells mature and are stored until ejactulation

Front 6

Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferentia)

Back 6

Smooth muscle tube; carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejactulatory duct

Front 7

Cowper's Gland (Bulbourethral Gland)

Back 7

Secretes mucus into the semen

Front 8

Seminal Vesicles

Back 8

Secrete fructose sugar into the semen to imporve sperm motility

Front 9

Ejaculatory Duct

Back 9

Formed at the joining of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles, which conducts semen to the urethra

Front 10

Urethra

Back 10

Carries semen during ejactulation and urine at other times. Opens at the end of the penis

Front 11

Penis

Back 11

Deposits semen into the female vagina during ejaculation; consists of the glans and shaft

Front 12

Ovaries

Back 12

Site of ovum development, ovulation, and the seccretion of estrogen and progesterone from follicles

Front 13

Fallopian Tubes (Oviducts)

Back 13

Lead from ovaries to the uterus; carry ova to the uterus; usual site of fertilization

Front 14

Uterus

Back 14

Muscuar organ in which the embryo and fetus develop

Front 15

Endometrium

Back 15

Inner lining of the uterus,develops monthly; embryo implants here; shed in menstration

Front 16

Cervix

Back 16

Tightly closed bottom of uterus; dialates during birth

Front 17

Vagina

Back 17

Leads from the cervix to the exterior of the body; functions as a passageways for semen, as the birth canal during delivery, and as an outlet for menstrual blood

Front 18

Estrogen

Back 18

Function in Males: None

Function in Females: Developmen of breasts and other secondary sex characteristics; thickening and vascularisation of endometrium

Front 19

Progesterone

Back 19

Function in Males: None

Function in Females: Quiets smooth muscle contractions of uterus maintaining endometrium

Front 20

Testosterone

Back 20

Function in Males: Stimulates primary and seondary sex characterisics; growth of testes, penis, /muscles, growth of facial hair; indirectly stimulate spermatogenisis

Function in Females: None

Front 21

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Back 21

Function in Males: Acts on Sertoli cells to stimulate spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubule

Function in Females: Stimulates follicles in the ovaries to develop ova

Front 22

Leutinizing Hormone (LH)

Back 22

Function in Males: Stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone

Function in Females: Triggers ovulation and stimulates estrogen and progesterone secretion from corpus luteum

Front 23

Gonadatropic Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Back 23

Monitors reproductive endocrine system. Stimulates synthesis and secretion of FSH and LH

Front 24

Fertilization (Conception)

Back 24

The joining of male and female gametes to form a single cell that contains 23 chromosomes from each parent for a total of 46 chromosomes

Front 25

Zona Pellucida

Back 25

A thin, clear layer of protein and carbohydrates

Front 26

Corona Radiata

Back 26

Several jelly-like layers of follicle cells that loosely adhere to one another

Front 27

Acrosome

Back 27

The cap surrounding the nucleus in sperm

Front 28

Zygote

Back 28

Single cell- first cell of a new life

Front 29

Cleavage

Back 29

The process of cell division without enlargement of the cells

Front 30

Morula

Back 30

Term used to describe a zygote when it becomes a 16-cell sphere

Front 31

Blastocyst (Germ Pouch)

Back 31

mammalian embryo at the stage in which it is implanted in the wall of the uterus and consists of a nearly hollow ball of cells; is made up of two groups of cells; the trophoblast and the inner cell mass; this stage follows the morula

Front 32

Trophoblast

Back 32

the outer cell layer of the blastocyst; will develop into the chorion membrane

Front 33

Chorion

Back 33

membrane.

Front 34

Placenta

Back 34

A structure that provides nutrients and oxygen to,and removes wastes from the developing offspring

Front 35

Implantation

Back 35

The process of attachment of the embryo to the endometrium; occurs within the first week after fertilization in humans

Front 36

Human Chorionic Gonadatropin (hCG)

Back 36

Hormone secreted by the throphoblast at the time of implantaion of the embryo; prevents degeneration of the corpus luteum.

Front 37

Allantois

Back 37

extra-embryotic membrane that forms the foundation for the umbilical cord

Front 38

Notochord

Back 38

A flexible rodlike structure that is present in the embryos of all chordates and in the adult forms of certain groups, such as the lancelets and hagfishes. The notochord develops into the spinal column in most vertebrates.

Front 39

Ectoderm

Back 39

Outer Primary Germ Layer

Front 40

Mesoderm

Back 40

Middle Primary Germ Layer

Front 41

Endoderm

Back 41

Inner Primary Germ Layer

Front 42

Amnion

Back 42

extra-embryotic membrane that forms a transparent sac that encloses and protects the embryo and fetus

Front 43

Yolk Sac

Back 43

one of the extra-embryonic membranes suspended from the abdominal area of the embryo; in humans serves no nutritive function, but contributes to the formation of the digestive tract and produces the first blood cells and the future egg (ova) or sperm cells

Front 44

Teratogen

Back 44

any agent that causes a structural abnormality due to exposure during pregnancy

Front 45

Partuition

Back 45

The birthing process

Front 46

Labour

Back 46

All the events associated with partuition

Front 47

Lactation

Back 47

the secretion and formation of breast milk in the mother

Front 48

Prolactin

Back 48

the hormone that is needed for milk production

Front 49

1st Trimester (Weeks 1-12)

Back 49

- germ layers form

-By the end of this trimester the heart,brain, limb buds (with fingers and toes) have all developed

-by the end of this trimester, external reproductive organs distinguish male from female

Front 50

2nd Trimester (Weeks 13-24)

Back 50

-Fetus is 57mm-350mm long

-Fetus moves enough to be noticed

-All organs have formed

-Eyelids and eyelashes form

-Cartilage has been replaced with bone cells

-soft hair covers the body

Front 51

3rd Trimester (Weeks 25-38)

Back 51

-Rapid growth of baby; particularily layers of fat

-organs are established but continue to develop

-350mm-530mm long

Front 52

Gastrulation

Back 52

The process in which two layer structure (blastula)develops into a three layer structure (Gastrula)

Front 53

Morphogenesis

Back 53

The development of an organism or part of it

Front 54

Relaxin

Back 54

-hormone produced by the placenta

-causes ligaments to loosen and the cervix to soften

Front 55

Prostaglandins

Back 55

-works with oxytocin to produce strong uterine contractios

Front 56

Flow phase

Back 56

days 1-5

Front 57

Follicular Phase

Back 57

Days 5-14

Front 58

Ovulatory Phase

Back 58

Day 14

Front 59

Luteal Phase

Back 59

Days 14-28

Front 60

Menopause

Back 60

A period in a womans life in which a decrease in estrogen and progesterone results in an end to menstrual cycles. Usually occurs around age 50