Human Body In Health And Illness: Chapter 2

Front 1

What occupies space and has weight?

Back 1

Matter

Front 2

What are the three states of matter?

Back 2

Solid, liquid, and gas

Front 3

What is a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler form by ordinary chemical reactions

Back 3

Element

Front 4

Elements that are present in tiny amounts in the body are known as _________.

Back 4

Trace elements

Front 5

What four elements make up 96% of the body weight

Back 5

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Front 6

The smallest unit of an element with that element's chemical characteristics is called a/an __________

Back 6

Atom

Front 7

Symbol for Oxygen

Back 7

O

Front 8

Symbol for Carbon

Back 8

C

Front 9

Symbol for Hydrogen

Back 9

H

Front 10

Symbol for Nitrogen

Back 10

N

Front 11

Symbol for Calcium

Back 11

Ca

Front 12

Symbol for Phosphorus

Back 12

P

Front 13

Symbol for Potassium

Back 13

K

Front 14

Symbol for Sulfur

Back 14

S

Front 15

Symbol for Sodium

Back 15

Na

Front 16

Symbol for Chlorine

Back 16

Cl

Front 17

Symbol for Mangesium

Back 17

Mg

Front 18

Symbol for Iron

Back 18

Fe

Front 19

Symbol for Iron

Back 19

Fe

Front 20

Symbol for Iodine

Back 20

I

Front 21

This subatomic particle carries a positive (+) electrical charge and is found in the nucleus

Back 21

Proton

Front 22

This subatomic particle carries a neutral (no) electrical charge and is found in the nucleus

Back 22

Neutron

Front 23

This subatomic particle is negatively charged and can be found circling the nucleus in orbits

Back 23

Electron

Front 24

The number of protons in the nucleus is called the _________

Back 24

Atomic number

Front 25

The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is known as the ________

Back 25

Atomic weight

Front 26

If one adds one or more neutrons to an atom you create a _________

Back 26

Isotope

Front 27

Unstable isotopes are called _________

Back 27

Radioisotopes

Front 28

The process of spontaneous breakdown (decay) is called _________

Back 28

Radioactivity

Front 29

The first electron shell of an atom contains how many electrons

Back 29

Two

Front 30

The electrical attraction between atoms is a _________

Back 30

Chemical bond

Front 31

The three types of chemical bonds are _______, _______, and ________

Back 31

ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds

Front 32

Transferring electrons between atoms creates a/an ______ bond

Back 32

Ionic

Front 33

Sharing electrons by the outer shells of the atoms results in what type of bond?

Back 33

Covalent bond

Front 34

The study of carbon containing substances is called _____________

Back 34

Organic chemistry

Front 35

The study of non-carbon containing substances is called _______

Back 35

Inorganic chemistry

Front 36

A bond that occurs between polar molecules (having one end + and one end - charged) is called a ________ bond

Back 36

Hydrogen bond

Front 37

Elements that carry an electrical charge are called _____

Back 37

Ions

Front 38

If an ion is positively charged, it is called a/an ________

Back 38

Cation

Front 39

If an ion is negatively charged, it is called a/an ______

Back 39

Anion

Front 40

A substance that forms ions when it is dissolved in water is called a/an ________

Back 40

Electrolyte

Front 41

Ions are formed when elements give up or gain a/an __________

Back 41

Electron

Front 42

This cation is important in fluid balance, is the main extracellular cation, and also important for nerve-muscle function

Back 42

Sodium: Na+

Front 43

This cation is a major component of bones and teeth, is important for blood clotting and muscle function

Back 43

Calcium: Ca+2

Front 44

This cation is a component of hemoglobin (oxygen transport)

Back 44

Iron: Fe+2

Front 45

This cation is important in acid-base balance

Back 45

Hydrogen: H+

Front 46

This cation is the chief intracellular cation

Back 46

Potassium: K+

Front 47

This anion is the primary extracellular anion

Back 47

Chloride: Cl-

Front 48

This anion is important in acid-base regulation

Back 48

Bicarbonate: HCO-3

Front 49

This anion is a component of bones and teeth, also a component of ATP (cellular energy molecule)

Back 49

Phosphate:

Front 50

When an electrolyte splits, or breaks apart in solution, the electrolyte is said to _______

Back 50

Dissociate

Front 51

The process of dissociation is referred to as ________

Back 51

Ionization

Front 52

When two or more atoms bond together, they form a _______

Back 52

Molecule

Front 53

A substance that contains molecules formed by two or more different atoms is called a __________

Back 53

Compound

Front 54

The most abundant compound in the body is _______

Back 54

Water: H20

Front 55

Name 5 things that make water so special?

Back 55

Water is universal solvent, water as a temperature regulator, water as an ideal lubricant, water in chemical reactions, and water as a protective device

Front 56

The molecule that we breathe is called __________

Back 56

Oxygen: O2

Front 57

This compound is a waste product of metabolism and is eliminated through the lungs

Back 57

Carbon dioxide: CO2

Front 58

A process whereby the atoms of molecules or compounds interact to form new chemical combinations is called a ________

Back 58

Chemical reaction

Front 59

Chemical substances that speed up the rate (speed) of a chemical reaction are called __________

Back 59

Catalysts

Front 60

When proteins act as catalysts they are called _________

Back 60

Enzymes

Front 61

An electrolyte that dissociates into a hydrogen ion (H+) and an anion (- ion) is called a/an ________

Back 61

Acid

Front 62

HCl dissociates completely into H+ and Cl- therefore it is a strong ________

Back 62

Acid

Front 63

Vinegar does not dissociate completely into H+ and acetate therefore it is a/an ________ acid

Back 63

Weak

Front 64

These substances are the opposite of acids and usually contain hydroxyl ion (OH-)

Back 64

Bases

Front 65

The unit of measurement of H+ in a solution is called _________

Back 65

pH

Front 66

The pH scale ranges from ____ to _____

Back 66

0-14

Front 67

A substance with a pH between 7 - 14 would be said to be acidic or basic

Back 67

Basic

Front 68

The pH of blood is maintained between the range of ____ to _____

Back 68

7.35-7.45

Front 69

With reference to the pH of human blood a pH below 7.35 is said to be ________

Back 69

Acidosis

Front 70

With reference to the pH of human blood a pH above 7.45 is said to be _______

Back 70

Alkalosis

Front 71

What three systems or organs regulate blood pH on a minute-by-minute basis?

Back 71

A buffer system, the lungs, and the kidneys

Front 72

The ability to perform work is known as ________

Back 72

Energy

Front 73

Name the six forms of energy

Back 73

Mechanical, Chemical, Electrical, Radiant, Thermal, and Nuclear

Front 74

Energy that causes movement is _______ energy

Back 74

Mechanical

Front 75

Energy stored in chemical bonds is ______ energy

Back 75

Chemical

Front 76

Energy released from the movement of charged particles is _____ energy

Back 76

Electrical

Front 77

Energy that travels in waves is called _______ energy

Back 77

Radiant

Front 78

Energy transferred because of a temperature difference is called ______ energy

Back 78

Thermal

Front 79

Energy released during the decay of radioactive substances such as isotopes is called ______ energy

Back 79

Nuclear

Front 80

An isotope is formed by adding what to the nucleus of an atom?

Back 80

Neutron(s)

Front 81

The energy transfer molecule of the human body is ______

Back 81

Adenosine triphosphate; ATP

Front 82

A combination of two or more substances that can be separated by ordinary physical means and when separated retain their original properties are called a ________

Back 82

Mixture

Front 83

If particles in a mixture remain evenly distributed in the fluid it is called a ________

Back 83

Solution

Front 84

A solution has two parts. What are those parts?

Back 84

Solute and solvent

Front 85

The substance in a solution that is present in the smallest amount is called the _______

Back 85

Solute

Front 86

The substance in a solution that is present in the greater amount is called the _______

Back 86

Solvent

Front 87

If water is the solvent, the solution is called a/an ________ solution

Back 87

Aqueous

Front 88

If alcohol is the solvent, the solution is called a/an ________

Back 88

Tincture

Front 89

If one has a mixture in which the particles are large and tend to settle to the bottom unless the mixture is shaken it is called a _________

Back 89

Suspension

Front 90

If the particles do not dissolve, but they are so small that they remain suspended within the liquid, even when not being shaken this is called a __________ suspension

Back 90

Colloidal