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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Endocrine System
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a collection of specialized cells, tissues, and glands that produce and secrete hormones
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Hormones
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chemical messengers
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Endocrine Glands
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secrete their products into interstitial fluid, lymph, and blod
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Endocrine means?
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secreted internally
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Exocrine Glands
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secrete products such as mucus, sweat, tears, and digestive fluids into ducts that empty into the appropriate sites
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Main Functions of the Endocrine System
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1. Hormones of the endocrine system reach nearly every living cell
2. Each hormone acts only on certain cells 3. Endocrine control tends to be slower than nervous system control 4. The endocrine and nervous systems can interact with each other |
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Target Cells
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a hormone acts only on a certain group of cells
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Hormones of the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Prolactin Growth Hormone |
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Hormones of the Posterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland
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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin |
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Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex
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Cortisol
Aldosterone |
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Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla
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Epinephrine
Norepinephrine |
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Hormones of the Kidneys
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Erythropoietin
Renin |
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Hormones of the Ovaries (Female)
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Estrogen
Progesterone |
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Hormones of the Testes (Male)
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Testosterone
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Hormones of the Intestines
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Secretin
Cholecystokinin |
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Hormones of the Pancreas
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Glucagon
Insulin Somatostatin |
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Hormones of the Stomach
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Gastrin
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Hormones of the Heart
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Atrial natriuretic hormone
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Hormones of the Thymus Gland
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Thymosin
Thymopoietin |
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Hormones of the Parathyroid Glands
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Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
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Hormones of the Thyroid Gland
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Thyroxine
Triiodothyronine Calcitonin |
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Hormones of the Pineal Gland
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Melatonin
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What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?
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Anterior Lobe and Posterior Lobe
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Steroid Hormones
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structurally related to cholesterol, all are lipid soluble
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Nonsteroid Hormones
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structurally related to proteins, are lipid insoluble
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Mechanism of Action --> Nonsteroid Hormones
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bind to receptors of cell's surfacem, they can diffuse right across the cell membrane, slow acting
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Mechanism of Action --> Steroid Hormones
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1. enter the cell
2. bind to an intracellular receptor 3. activate genes that produce new proteins |
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Second Messenger
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activated molecule, it carries the message provided by the hormone (first messenger)
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What is the hormone also called?
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the first messenger
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What is a common second messenger?
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cyclic AMP
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Cyclic AMP
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produced from ATP when hormone binds to the receptor
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