Human Behavior

Front 1

marriage

Back 1

a legally and socially sanctioned union between two people, resulting in mutual obligations and rights.

Front 2

propinquity theory

Back 2

asserts that being in close proximity is a major factor in mate selection.

Front 3

ideal mate theory

Back 3

suggests we choose a mate who has the characteristics and traits we desire in a partner.

Front 4

congruence in values theory

Back 4

holds that our value system consciously and consciously guides us in selecting a mate who has similar values.

Front 5

homogamy theory

Back 5

suggests that we select a mate who has similar racial, economic, and social characteristics.

Front 6

complementary needs theory

Back 6

holds that we either select a partner who has the characteristics we wish we had in ourselves or someone who can help us be the kind of person we want to be.

Front 7

compatibility theory

Back 7

asserts that we select a mate with whom we enjoy a variety of activities.

Front 8

cohabitation

Back 8

the open living together of an unmarried couple.

Front 9

functionalism

Back 9

developed by Durkheim; views society as a well-organized system in which most memebers agree on common values and norms.

Front 10

manifest

Back 10

the functions and dysfunctions of a social system that are obvious to everyone.

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latent

Back 11

functions and dysfunctions that are hidden and unintended.

Front 12

social disorginization

Back 12

occurs when a large organization or an entire society is imoerfectly organized to achieve its goals and maintain stability.

Front 13

social change

Back 13

underlying cause for social diorginization

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cultural lag

Back 14

the pace between the technological changes and our adaptation to them.

Front 15

conflict theory

Back 15

views society as a struggle for power among various social groups.

Front 16

interactionist approach

Back 16

focuses on individuals and the processes of everyday social interaction between them rather than on larger structures of society, such as the educational system, the economy, or religion; views behavior as a product of each individual's social relationships.

Front 17

interactionist theory

Back 17

views human behavior as resulting from the interaction of a person's unique, distinctive personality and the groups he or she participates in.

Front 18

labeling theory

Back 18

holds that the labels assigned to a person have a major impact on that person's life.

Front 19

income

Back 19

refers to the amount of money a person makes in a given period.

Front 20

wealth

Back 20

a person's total assets-real estate holdings, cash, stocks, bonds, and so forth.

Front 21

social stratification

Back 21

most countries are characterized by this; it has social classes, with the upper classes having by far the greatest access to the pleasures that money can buy.

Front 22

poverty line

Back 22

the level of income that the federal government considers sufficient to meet basic requirements of food, shelter, and clothing.

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culture of poverty

Back 23

the poor are poor because they have a distinct culture or lifestyle.

Front 24

blaming the victim

Back 24

blaming the poor for their circumstances.

Front 25

application of functionalism to poverty

Back 25

view poverty as being due to dysfunctions in the economy.

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application of conflict theory to poverty

Back 26

assumes that because there is such enormous wealth in modern societies, no one in such societies should go without their essential needs being met; asserts that poverty exists because the power structure wants it to exist.

Front 27

application of interactionalist theory to poverty

Back 27

poverty is viewed as being relative, because it depends on what it is compared to.

Front 28

empty-shell marriages

Back 28

the spuses feel no strong attavhments to each other.

Front 29

devitalized relationship

Back 29

husband and wife lack any real interest in each other or their marriage.

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conflict-habituated relationship

Back 30

husband and wife frequently quarrel in private, maybe in public; characterized by considerable conflict, tension, and bitterness.

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passive-congenial relationship

Back 31

the partners are not happy, but are content w/ their lives and generally feel adequate.

Front 32

legal custody

Back 32

refers to whether one or both parents maintain all rights and responsibilities regarding the children.

Front 33

the "sandwich" generation

Back 33

many middle-aged adults are sandwiched between two generations- their parents and their children.

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communication

Back 34

involves transmitting info from one person to another, using a common system of symbols, signs, or behaviors.

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incongruent

Back 35

when 2 or more messages contradict each other's meaning.

Front 36

family norms

Back 36

the rules that specify what is considered proper behavior within the family group.

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ecomap

Back 37

a paper and pencil assessment tool that practioners use to assess specific troubles and plan interventions for clients.

Front 38

genogram

Back 38

a graphic way of investigating the origins of a client's problem by diagramming the family over at least 3 generations.

Front 39

traditional gender stereotype

Back 39

includes the husband as the primary decision maker, the wife as submissive to him, and the wife as primarily responsible for domestic tasks.

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modern gender stereotype

Back 40

involves an egalitarian relationship between husband and wife.

Front 41

autocratic model

Back 41

this model depends on power; uses one-way communication; management believes it knows best; the message to employees is "you do this-or else".

Front 42

custodial model

Back 42

leads to employee dependence on the organization; employees tend to focus on their economic rewards and benefits; they don't have a high commitment to helping the organization.

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scientific management model

Back 43

focused on the need for managers to conduct a scientific analysis of the workplace.

Front 44

human relations model

Back 44

a series of experiments designed to increase worker satisfaction and worker productivity; if job satisfaction could be increased, employees would work more efficiently, and productivity would then increase.

Front 45

hawthorne effect

Back 45

when people know they are participants in a study, this awareness may lead them to behave differently and substantially influence the results.

Front 46

theory x

Back 46

view employees as being incapable of much growth; employees having an inherent dislike for work and attempting to evade work whenever possible.

Front 47

theory y

Back 47

view employees as wanting to grow and develop by exerting physical and mental effort to accomplish work objectives to which they are committed.

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collegial model

Back 48

emphasizes the team concept; employees work together closely and feel a commitment to achieveing a common purpose.

Front 49

theory z

Back 49

a business organization in Japan is more than the profitability-oriented entity that it is in the US; involved and committed workers are the key to increased productivity.

Front 50

management by objectives

Back 50

a strategy proposed by Peter Drucker for maing organizational goals and objectives the central construct around which organizational life is designed to function.

Front 51

total quality management (TQM)

Back 51

the integration of all functions and processes within an organization in order to achieve continuos improvement of the quality of goods and services, the goal is customer satisfaction.

Front 52

value orientation

Back 52

means an individual's own ideas about what is desirable and worthwhile.

Front 53

conservative perspective

Back 53

tend to resist change; emphasize tradition and believe rapid change usually results in more negative than positive consequences.

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liberal perspective

Back 54

believe that change is generally good as it brings progress; moderate change is best; they view society as needing regulation to ensure fair competition between various interests.

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developmental perspective

Back 55

this approach is a process of planned social change designed to promote the well-being of the population as a whole in conjunction w/ a dynamic process of economic development.

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DONE

Back 56

SO DONE