• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/21

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

21 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the important arboviruses?
Flavi, Toga (alpha genus), Bunya, and Reo (colti genus)
Describe the genome and structure of the flaviviruses and name the important members of this family
It is a +ssRNA enveloped family of viruses including West Nile, St. Louis encephalitis, Powassan, Dengue 1-4, Japanese encephalitis virus and yellow fever virus
Describe the genome and structure of the Alpha genus of the Togaviruses and name the important viruses of the family
They are +ssRNA enveloped viruses including the eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, chikungunya virus, and Sindbis viruses
Describe the genome and structure of the Bunyaviruses and name the important members of this family
They are segmented -ssRNA viruses with an envelope, including the La Cross virus, Rift Valley fever virus, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
Describe the genome and structure of the Reovirus Colti genus and name an important member of this family
They are segmented dsRNA and naked icosohedral viruses including the Colorado tick fever virus
What are the most common arboviral vectors and what species generally serve as amplifying hosts for these viruses?
The most common arboviral vectors are mosquitoes and ticks, with non-human mammals and birds acting as reservoirs of amplifying hosts for these viruses
What is meant by the "jungle cycle" and "urban cycle" of arboviral infections?
Jungle cycle refers to the virus is transmitted in a monkey-mosquito-monkey cycle; the urban cycle is man-mosquito-man transmission
What two viruses are able to use the urban cycle of transmission?
The yellow fever virus and the dengue viruses
Do encephalitis viruses use the urban cycle?
No, for encephalitic arboviruses man is a "dead-end" host
What are the most common human arboviruses worldwide?
Dengue viruses 1-4
What are the manifestations of dengue fever?
Sudden onset fever, chills, headache, non-vesicular rash, nausea and vomiting; usually self-limited and non-fatal
What is the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever/shock syndrome?
This is a hypersensitivity reaction that occurs upon reinfection with a different serotype of dengue fever virus due to antibody activation of macrophages, inducing uptake of the virus and further replication
Describe the clinical manifestations of dengue hemorrhagic fever/shock syndrome
It is much more serious than dengue fever and shows extensive hemorrhages and blood loss
Describe the transmission of West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viruses
The tranmission is multi-host and includes the mosquito infecting vertebrate reservoirs such as birds, and then infecting dead-end human hosts
What are the clinical manifestations of yellow fever?
Hemorrhagic fever, hepatitis, and nephritis with use of the jungle cycle and urban cycle for transmission
What are the major causes of mosquito-borne arboviral encephalitis in the US?
West Nile, California serogroup/La Crosse virus, St. Louis encephalitis, and eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses
What virus has the highest risk for the development of CNS disease in the elderly in this country?
West Nile virus
What virus is the major cause of arboviral encephalitis in Asia, and what animals serve as the reservoirs?
Japanese encephalitis virus is the major cause in Asia, with pigs and avian species serving as the reservoirs
Vaccines are offered for which viruses upon travel to endemic areas?
Yellow Fever and Japanese encephalitis viruses
Describe the yellow fever vaccine
It is a live-attenuated vaccine given as prophylaxis to people traveling to endemic areas
Describe the vaccine for Japanese encephalitis virus
It is an inactivated virus produced in cell culture, given to people traveling to Asia