Human A&p Chapter 4 Tissues

Front 1

the 4 primary tissue types

Back 1

epithelial
connective
muscle
nerve

Front 2

Tissue that covers the external surface of the body and lines body cavities.

Back 2

epithelial tissue

Front 3

Tissue with cells separated by a matrix that often contains fibers

Back 3

connective tissue

Front 4

A tissue specialized to produce motion

Back 4

muscle

Front 5

Tissue that initiates and transmits electrical impulses to coordinate homeostasis

Back 5

nervous tissue

Front 6

the 2 primary types of epithelial tissue

Back 6

1. covering and lining epithelium
2. glandular epithelium

Front 7

Define "avascular"

Back 7

not supplied by blood vessels

Front 8

Define "innervated"

Back 8

supplied with nerve endings

Front 9

List 6 basic properties of covering and lining epithelium.

Back 9

1. avascular
2. innervated
3. regenerative
4. forms sheets of closely packed cells held together by cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions
5. supported by connective tissue
6. Cells often exhibit polarity.

Front 10

Describe the cellularity of covering and lining epithelium

Back 10

forms sheets of closely-packed cells with little extracellular matrix

Front 11

______________ - epithelium covering the body surface and lining the lumens of the digestive, respiratory, and urogenital tracts

Back 11

epithelium

Front 12

_____________ - epithelium lining the lumen of blood vessels and lymph vessels

Back 12

endothelium

Front 13

______________ - epithelium covering the serous membranes

Back 13

mesothelium

Front 14

epithelium composed of a single layer

Back 14

simple epithelium

Front 15

epithelium composed of 2 or more layers

Back 15

stratified epithelium

Front 16

refers to flattened epithelial cells

Back 16

squamous epithelium

Front 17

a cell-cell junction encircling the cell that prevents molecules from passing between adjacent cells

Back 17

tight junction

Front 18

a cell-cell junction attached to bundled actin filaments encircling the cell just under the membrane

Back 18

adherens junctions

Front 19

cell-cell junctions attached on the inside of each cell to intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton

Back 19

desmosomes

Front 20

What cell-cell junction effectively ties the cytoskeletons of all the cells in an epithelial sheet together.

Back 20

desmosomes

Front 21

cell-matrix junctions that anchor the cellular sheet to the underlying connective tissue

Back 21

hemidesmosomes

Front 22

cell-cell communicating junctions that facilitates the cell-to-cell passage of ions and small polar molecules

Back 22

gap junctions

Front 23

Gap junctions are composed of thousands of channels called __________.

Back 23

connexons

Front 24

_______________ - the exposed surface of a covering or lining epithelium

Back 24

apical surface

Front 25

_______________ - the side of a covering or lining epithelium anchored to the basement membrane

Back 25

basal surface

Front 26

▣ consists of a network of secreted fibrous proteins and proteoglycans
▣ provides points of attachment to the underlying connective tissue
▣ acts as a filtration barrier

Back 26

basement membrane

Front 27

Type of epithelium common in areas repeatedly subjected to physical stress

Back 27

stratified epithelium

Front 28

Type of epithelium typically found were absorption and filtration occur

Back 28

simple epithelium

Front 29

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

Back 29

kidney glomeruli
lining if the air sacs of the lungs
lining the circulatory system
lining lymphatic vessels
mesothelium

Front 30

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found?

Back 30

moist linings of the mouth, esophagus, and vagina
the skin

Front 31

Where is non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium found?

Back 31

the lining of the digestive tract from the stomach to the anal canal

Front 32

Where is ciliated simple epithelium found?

Back 32

upper respiratory tract
uterine tubes

Front 33

layer of the basement membrane secreted by cells of the underlying connective tissue

Back 33

reticular lamina

Front 34

layer of the basement membrane secreted by epithelial cells

Back 34

basal lamina

Front 35

Extracellular material consisting of the basal lamina secreted by epithelial cells and the reticular lamina secreted by connective tissue cells

Back 35

basement membrane

Front 36

A single layer of epithelial cells that has a multilayer appearance.

Back 36

pseudostratified epithelium

Front 37

How are stratified epithelia classified?

Back 37

according to the shape of the apical cell layer

Front 38

Glands that secrete whole cells.

Back 38

cytogenic glands

Front 39

Ductless glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid.

Back 39

endocrine glands

Front 40

Glands that secrete onto the apical surface of a covering or lining epithelium.

Back 40

exocrine glands

Front 41

Hormones are secrteted into the interstitial fluid. The hormones then...

Back 41

diffuse into the blood

Front 42

The only important unicellular exocrine gland

Back 42

goblet cells

Front 43

Multicellular exocrine glands are composed of...

Back 43

a duct and secretory unit

Front 44

All exocrine and multicellular endocrine glands are derived during development from...

Back 44

epithelial tissue

Front 45

Glands are also classified according to mode of secretion.

_________ glands produce secretions by exocytosis.

Back 45

merocrine

Front 46

Glands are also classified according to mode of secretion.

_________ glands produce secretions by rupturing of gland cells in the secretory unit.

Back 46

holocrine

Front 47

The embryonic connective tissue..

Back 47

mesenchyme

Front 48

____________ - to mature from a relatively generalized cell into a specialized cell type

Back 48

differentiate

Front 49

_____________ – capable of differentiating into one of several different cell types

Back 49

pluripotent

Front 50

The 4 classes of connective tissue..

Back 50

connective tissue proper
cartilage
bone
blood

Front 51

Cells that produce connective tissue proper

Back 51

fibroblasts

Front 52

Cells that produce cartilage

Back 52

chondroblasts

Front 53

Cells that produce bone

Back 53

osteoblasts

Front 54

another word for "bone"

Back 54

osseous

Front 55

Cells that generate all of the blood cells

Back 55

hematopoietic stem cells

Front 56

Cells that maintain connective tissue proper

Back 56

fibrocytyes

Front 57

Cells that maintain cartilage

Back 57

chondrocytes

Front 58

Cells that maintain bone

Back 58

osteocytes

Front 59

The 2 primary types of connective tissue proper

Back 59

loose connective tissue proper
dense connective tissue proper

Front 60

The 3 types of loose connective tissue proper

Back 60

areolar connective tissue proper
adipose tissue
reticular connective tissue proper

Front 61

Adipose tissue is also called ______.

Back 61

fat

Front 62

The 3 types of dense connective tissue proper

Back 62

dense regular connective tissue proper
dense irregular connective tissue proper
elastic connective tissue proper

Front 63

The 3 types of cartilage

Back 63

hyaline cartilage
elastic cartilage
fibrocartilage

Front 64

Primary components of the extracellular matrix

Back 64

protein fibers
ground substance

Front 65

The gelatinous material that fills the space between the cells and extracellular fibers in connective tissue

Back 65

ground substance

Front 66

The 3 primary protein fibers found in the extracellular matrix

Back 66

collagen
elastic fibers
reticular fibers

Front 67

Rope-like fibers in the extracellular matrix

Back 67

collagen

Front 68

extracellular fibers that form delicate sponge-like networks

Back 68

reticular fibers

Front 69

What connective tissue forms a soft internal framework, or stroma, that supports other cell types?

Back 69

reticular connective tissue proper

Front 70

What connective tissue stores triglyceride?

Back 70

adipose tissue (fat)

Front 71

What connective tissue is found under the skin and contributes to body contours?

Back 71

adipose tissue (fat)

Front 72

What connective tissue insulates against heat loss?

Back 72

adipose tissue (fat)

Front 73

What connective tissue is found in lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver and spleen?

Back 73

reticular connective tissue proper

Front 74

Tendons and ligaments are made from what type of connective tissue?

Back 74

dense regular connective tissue proper

Front 75

What type of connective tissue is comprised mostly of parallel collagen fibers with little ground substance?

Back 75

dense regular connective tissue proper

Front 76

What type of connective tissue is comprised mostly of irregularly arranged collagen fibers with some elastic fibers and little ground substance?

Back 76

dense irregular connective tissue proper

Front 77

Which dense connective tissue proper can withstand tension in many directions?

Back 77

dense irregular connective tissue proper

Front 78

Which dense connective tissue proper is found in lung tissue and the walls of arteries?

Back 78

elastic connective tissue

Front 79

___________ - the combination of a covering or lining epithelial sheet and its underlying connective tissue proper

Back 79

membrane

Front 80

The 3 types of membranes

Back 80

mucous membranes
serous membranes
cutaneous membranes

Front 81

Mucous membranes are also called __________.

Back 81

mucosa

Front 82

Serous membranes are also called __________.

Back 82

serosa

Front 83

Cutaneous membranes are also called __________.

Back 83

skin

Front 84

What type of membrane lines body cavities that open to the exterior?

Back 84

mucous membranes (mucosa)

Front 85

Chondrocytes reside in _________.

Back 85

lacunae

Front 86

What type of cartilage covers the ends of long bones?

Back 86

hyaline cartilage

Front 87

What type of cartilage connects the ribs to the sternum?

Back 87

hyaline cartilage

Front 88

What type of cartilage makes up the larynx and reinforces air passages?

Back 88

hyaline cartilage

Front 89

What type of cartilage supports the pinna and the epiglottis?

Back 89

elastic cartilage

Front 90

What type of cartilage is found in intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis?

Back 90

fibrocartilage

Front 91

The mechanism by which new cartilage is added from underneath the perichondrium.

Back 91

appositional growth

Front 92

The mechanism by which new cartilage is formed when chondroblasts within lacunae divide and produce more matrix.

Back 92

interstitial growth

Front 93

A thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue proper that covers hyaline and elastic cartilages.

Back 93

perichondrium